Application of Nanocrystalline Iranian Diatomite in Immobilized Form for Removal of a Textile Dye

The aim of the present investigation was to immobilize nanocrystalline diatomite within calcium alginate matrix for the adsorption of Direct Red23 (DR23) in aqueous media. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the samples. As a result, the adsorption process obeyed pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² = 0.9934) and Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.9732) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 24.10 mg/g. The value of mean free energy (15.81 kJ/mol) demonstrated that the process has been taken place chemically. As the adsorbent dosage increased from 0.5 to 3.0 g/L, the decolorization efficiency (%) increased from 26.0 to 75.5%, respectively. Inversely, the decolorization efficiency (%) decreased from 98.0 to 29.0% with increasing initial dye concentration from 5 to 160 mg/L, respectively. The negative values obtained for Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) and positive value of enthalpy change (ΔH°) indicated spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process.     

在CPS微球表面固载氨基酚型双齿席夫碱氧钒(Ⅳ)配合物及其催化氧化性能

使乙醛酸(GA)与氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯(CMCPS)微球发生酯化反应,将醛基(AG)引入交联聚苯乙烯(CPS)微球表面,得到改性微球CPS-AG;再以间氨基苯酚(MAP)为试剂,使微球CPS-AG表面的AG发生席夫碱反应,制得了表面键合有氨基酚型双齿席夫碱配基的功能微球CPS-AGAP;最后,使微球CPS-AGAP与硫酸氧钒发生配位螯合反应,获得了表面固载有氨基酚型双齿席夫碱氧钒(Ⅳ)配合物的固体催化剂微球CPS-[VO(AGAP)2]。重点考察了主要因素对GA与CMCPS微球的酯化反应的影响。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、固体紫外(UV)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对催化剂微球进行了充分表征。分别将微球CPS-[VO(AGAP)2]用于环己醇和乙苯的分子氧氧化过程,考察其催化活性。实验结果表明,溶剂的极性有利于GA与CMCPS微球之间的酯化反应,极性较强的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为适宜的反应溶剂,90℃为适宜的反应温度。在适宜的反应条件下,CMCPS微球的氯甲基转化率可以达到82%。在分子氧氧化环己醇和乙苯的过程中,非均相催化剂CPS-[VO(AGAP)2]微球均表现出良好的催化活性。     

Antimicrobial Surgical Sutures: Recent Developments and Strategies

Surgical sutures are probably the most widely used medical devices in healthcare applications for wound closure. During their application, sutures may be exposed to microorganisms present in the environment leading to bacterial biofilm formation, and thereon to surgical site infections. The physicochemical characteristics of the polymeric substrate play a major role in directing the behavior of the suture in a biological milieu. In such a context, it is necessary to develop sutures which actively repel and inhibit bacterial adherence and colonization on their surfaces. Drug eluting sutures have been proposed as a solution to this dilemma. Currently, bioactive agents (natural or synthetic) are being incorporated in polymeric materials via various methods including blending and compounding, surface functionalization and conjugation, and coating to render antimicrobial surgical sutures. However, each of these methods has its own pros and cons. Depending upon the nature of the substrate, an appropriate processing technique has to be chosen. In this article, we review the recent state-of-the-art developments and strategies in antimicrobial surgical suture fabrication. The efficacy and mechanism of these sutures in controlling infection is critically analyzed. However, such bioactive agent incorporated sutures have to be tested in clinically randomized trials to accurately gauze their applicability in a surgical setting. Presently, very few antimicrobial surgical sutures are available commercially. Therefore, there is a great scope for market development in this area.     

A review on recent developments for biomolecule separation at analytical scale using microfluidic devices

Microfluidic devices with their inherent advantages like the ability to handle 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻¹⁸ L volume, multiplexing of microchannels, rapid analysis and on-chip detection are proving to be efficient systems in various fields of life sciences. This review highlights articles published since 2010 that reports the use of microfluidic devices to separate biomolecules (DNA, RNA and proteins) using chromatography principles (size, charge, hydrophobicity and affinity) along with microchip capillary electrophoresis, isotachophoresis etc. A detailed overview of stationary phase materials and the approaches to incorporate them within the microchannels of microchips is provided as well as a brief overview of chemical methods to immobilize ligand(s). Furthermore, we review research articles that deal with microfluidic devices as analytical tools for biomolecule (DNA, RNA and protein) separation.     

水溶性荧光探针的制备、固载及对水中汞离子的识别

通过将5-氨基间苯二甲酸乙酯与葡萄糖相连,设计合成了一种具有良好水溶性的荧光探针PN,该探针能够高选择性地识别水中的汞离子,与汞离子作用后会引起荧光猝灭和紫外吸收减弱。将探针PN固载于介孔硅材料SBA-15,得到材料化的荧光探针SBA-PN,SBA-PN可在p H值4~10范围内使用,对水中的汞离子具有更好的选择性和识别能力。固载之后的探针在实际应用中更加方便,适用于水体系中汞离子的识别。     

DISSOCIATION AND RECONSTITUTION OF IMMOBILIZED RIBULOSE-1, 5-BISPHOS PHATE CARBOXYLASE//OXYGENASE FROM TOBACCO

Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from tobacco covalently coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B was treated with urea. Analysis by electrophoresis showed that the small subunit was dissociated at 2—2.5 mol/L urea, while the large subunit was still bound to matrix. The large subunit core, L_8, was further dissociated into monomer at 3 mol/L urea. It is suggested that RuBPCase is coupled to Sepharose by virtue of ε-NH_2 on a large subunit. The activity of the immobilized enzyme was inversely proportional to the amount of small subunit dissociated by urea. The dissociated small subunits were almost completely bound back to the S-depleted immobilized RuBPCase, if the urea concentration was diluted to 0.5 mol/L. The enzyme activity could be recovered nearly to 100％. The activity of the S-depleted enzyme was linearly correlated on the concentration of small subunits in solution. These results indicate that the small subunit plays an important role in the maintenance of RuBPCase activity.     

Preintercalation of Layered γ—Zirconium Phosphate for Preparation of Immobilized Hemoglobin

Layered γ-Zirconium phosphate (γ-ZrP) preintercalated with butylamine,tetra(n-butylammonium)hydroxide,dimethylamine respectively,or only ultrasonificated,for preparation of immobilized hemoglobin were in vestigated in this report.