尿素共沉淀法制备纤维状羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合粉料

尿素共沉淀法制备纤维状羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合粉料;壳聚糖; 羟基磷酸钙; 尿素共沉淀     

纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白复合支架材料的降解特性及生物相容性研究

应用共混法制备了纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白复合支架材料, 通过体外降解和细胞培养实验研究了复合支架材料的降解特性和生物相容性. 体外降解实验结果显示, 复合支架材料具有稳定的降解能力; 在降解过程中, 羟基磷灰石由于与降解液发生钙、磷等离子的交换, 使其结晶得到了进一步生长和完善. 利用细胞计数法、四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)比色法和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性测定等分析了复合支架材料的生物相容性, 结果表明, MG63细胞在复合支架材料上具有良好的粘附、增殖能力, 并可引起早期的骨分化. 因此, 纳米羟基磷灰石/丝素蛋白复合支架作为骨组织工程的支架材料具有良好的应用前景.     

Preparation and applications of novel fluoroalkyl end‐capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites

Novel fluoroalkyl end‐capped vinyltrimethoxysilane oligomer/hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposites were prepared by the reaction of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and phosphoric acid in the presence of the corresponding oligomer. These fluorinated oligomer/HAp composites thus obtained are nanometer size‐controlled fine particles (83–173 nm), and were found to exhibit good dispersibility in methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol. These fluorinated HAp nanocomposites were applied to the surface modification of glass and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to exhibit good hydro‐ and oleophobic characteristics imparted by fluorine on their surface. In addition, the surface structural changes of the modified polyethylene terephtalate and PMMA films treated with these fluorinated nanocomposites before and after soaking in a simulated body fluid (SBF) were analyzed by using SEM, XRD, and EDX to observe the formation of spherical HAp deposits on the surface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis of silicated hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6−x(SiO4)x(OH)2−x

The preparation of silicated hydroxyapatite Ca₁₀(PO₄)_6−x(SiO₄)_x(OH)_2−x (SiHA) with 0?x?2 was investigated using a wet precipitation method followed by a heat treatment. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, Fourier transformed IR (FTIR) spectroscopy, elemental analyses, transmission electron microscopy and thermal analyses were used to characterize the samples. The raw materials were composed of a partially silicated and carbonated apatite and a secondary minor phase containing the excess silicon. Single phase silicated hydroxyapatites, with 0?x?1, could be synthesized after a thermal treatment of the raw powders above 700 °C. The presence of carbonate groups in the raw apatite played an important role in the incorporation of silicates during heating. From the different results, the mechanisms of formation of SiHA are discussed.     

Microstrain in hydroxyapatite carbon nanotube composites

Synchrotron radiation diffraction data were collected from hydroxyapatite–carbon nanotube bioceramic composites to determine the crystallite size and to measure changes in non‐uniform strain. Estimates of crystallite size and strain were determined by line‐profile fitting of discrete peaks and these were compared with a Rietveld whole‐pattern analysis. Overall the two analysis methods produced very similar numbers. In the commercial hydroxyapatite material, one reflection in particular, (0 2 3), has higher crystallite size and lower strain values in comparison with laboratory‐synthesized material. This could indicate preferential crystal growth in the [0 2 3] direction in the commercial material. From the measured strains in the pure material and the composite, there was a degree of bonding between the matrix and strengthening fibres. However, increasing the amount of carbon nanotubes in the composite has increased the strain in the material, which is undesirable for biomedical implant applications.     

Nano‐hydroxyapatite/polyamide66 composite tissue‐engineering scaffolds with anisotropy in morphology and mechanical behaviors

Based on a biomimetic conception, nano‐hydroxyapatite (n‐HA)/polyamide66 (PA66) composite scaffolds were prepared with anisotropic properties both in morphology and mechanical behavior. A novel improved thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique was developed to generate orientation‐structured scaffolds for tissue engineering. The physiochemical, morphological, and mechanical properties of the resultant scaffolds were evaluated. According to the results, the improved TIPS method exhibited good processability and reproducibility and enabled the composite scaffolds to have a high content of inorganic fillers. The morphological study proved that the n‐HA/PA66 scaffolds exhibited unidirectional microtubular architecture with high porosity (ca. 80–85%) and an optimal pore size ranging from 200 to 500 μm. Besides, the effect of n‐HA content on the morphology of the scaffolds was studied, and the results indicated that the obtained scaffolds presented an improvement in anisotropic morphology with increase of n‐HA content. The anisotropy was also evaluated in the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, that is, the longitudinal compressive strength and modulus were ～1.5 times of the transverse ones. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 658–669, 2009     

Thermal behavior of in vitro mineralized anionic collagen matrices

In the present study porcine skin and bovine pericardium were used as a source of type I collagen. Both were submitted to an alkaline treatment and mineralized by the alternate soaking method. Thermal stability and extent of mineralization have been investigated using DSC and TG. After alkaline hydrolysis there is a decrease in thermal stability but mineralization stabilizes collagen structure. Thermogravimetric data have shown that the amount of hydroxyapatite present in bovine pericardium matrix (45%) was greater than on porcine skin matrix (20%). Presence of hydroxyapatite was confirmed by EDX.     

制备条件影响碳酸羟基磷灰石晶格的计算分析

在碳酸羟基磷灰石(CHA)结构分析中,对A型取代(CO₃^2-取代OH^-)和B型取代(CO₃^2-取代PO₄^3-)2种取代的稳定性仍存有争议。为了研究碳酸取代的可能位置和2种取代稳定性,本文利用计算机辅助手段详细研究了不同反应顺序和不同反应试剂对碳酸羟基磷灰石晶体结构的影响。本实验分别采用含Na和不含Na 2种不同的反应试剂,分别在HA生成过程中和HA生成以后加入CO₃^2-,通过离子共沉淀法制备了4种碳酸羟基磷灰石。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)对他们的结构和基团进行了表征,并用Jade 6.5, Materials Studio 4.0以及Origin 7.0进行了精修、计算和拟合。结果表明,无论工艺过程如何变化,均主要生成晶体能量较低、晶格结构稳定的B型取代碳酸羟基磷灰石;与普通磷灰石相比,由于存在晶格畸变,因此碳酸取代磷灰石的结晶度下降;碳酸根在反应溶液中的浓度影响CHA的晶格畸变程度,较高游离碳酸浓度引起的晶格畸变大;Na⁺的引入,可以降低碳酸羟基磷灰石中的晶格畸变,从而提高结晶度;含Na的B型取代主要是取代Ca(Ⅱ)位置的Ca离子。IR分析结果表明四种碳酸羟基磷灰石中的CO₃^2-均以B型取代为主,通过对870 cm^-1附近峰的拟合,计算出材料中A型取代和B型取代的比值。     

Preferential Alignment of Hydroxyapatite Crystallites in Nanocomposites with Chemically Disintegrated Silk Fibroin

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocrystals were prepared at room temperature by a coprecipitation method from Ca(OH)₂ and H₃PO₄, in the presence of chemically disintegrated silk fibroin (SF). Adsorbed amounts of cations on SF and crystallinity of HAp in the composite were increased by the chemical disintegration of SF higher order structure. Preferential alignment of c-axis of HAp crystallites along the longitudinal direction of ca. 150nm SF fibril was observed. These changes due to disintegration of SF were discussed in terms of the chemical interaction between HAp and SF. The resulted composite with preferential alignment of HAp nanocrystals is a good candidate as a starting material for bone substitutes.