Free surface Stokes flows obstructed by multiple obstacles

Gravity‐driven Stokes flow down an inclined plane over and around multiple obstacles is considered. The flow problem is formulated in terms of a boundary integral equation and solved using the boundary element method. A Hermitian radial basis function (RBF) is used for the interpolation of the free surface, generation of the unit normal and curvature, and to prescribe the far‐field conditions. For flow over an obstacle, hemispheres are taken. For flow around an obstacle, circular cylinders are modelled and the contact angle condition on the obstacle/free surface intersection specified using the RBF formulation. Explicit profiles are produced for flow over and around two obstacles placed in various locations relative to one another. Interaction due to two obstacles is given by comparisons made with the profiles for flow over and around individual obstacles. In general, when the obstacles are separated by a sufficiently large distance the flow profiles are identical to a single obstacle analysis. For flow over and around two obstacles in‐line with the incident flow, effects of the governing parameters are examined, with variations in plane inclination angle, Bond number, obstacle size, and in the case of obstacles intersecting the free surface, static contact angle is considered. Finally flows over and around three obstacles are modelled. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Some remarks concerning stability for nonstationary quantum systems

The problem of characterizing stability and instability for general nonstationary quantum systems is investigated. Some characterizations are reported and some elementary properties of a topological characterization are established. Then, it is proven, by considering a simple example, that there are nonperiodic driven systems whose orbits are neither precompact nor leave on average any compact set. Autocorrelation measures are computed and the possible roles of the generalizes quasienergy operator and energy growth are briefly discussed.     

A new positive‐definite regularization of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations discretized with Q1/P0 finite element

A new regularization method is proposed for the Galerkin approximation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with Q1/P0 element, by newly introducing a square‐type linear form into the variational divergence‐free constraint regularized with the global pressure jump (GPJ) method. The addition of the square‐type linear form is intended to eliminate the hydrostatic pressure mode appearing in confined flows, and to make the discretized matrix positive definite and then non‐singular without the pressure pegging trick. Effects of the free parameters for the regularization on the solutions are numerically examined with a 2‐D driven cavity flow problem. Furthermore, the convergences in the conjugate gradient iteration for the solution of the pressure Poisson equation are compared among the mixed method, the GPJ method and the present method for both leaky and non‐leaky 3‐D driven cavity flows. Finally, the non‐leaky 3‐D cavity flows at different Re numbers are solved to compare with the literature data and to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

间接驱动的冲击波特性实验

报道在星光激光器上进行的X光辐射驱动(间接驱动)和激光直接驱动的冲击波实验。实验观察到了铝背冲击波发光信息。结果表明,间接驱动比直接驱动的冲击波平面性好。     

超高速炸药加速器炮口弹丸速度的测量

炸药驱动器超高速(>3000m/s)弹丸速度的测量是超高速发生器及超高速碰撞现象研究等领域内一个必不可少的环节,本文在传统电测法及X光闪先照相技术的基础上,提出了改进的测量技术,使测量中尽量避免各种因素对测试的干扰,成功地获得了弹丸的炮口速度。实验表明,该技术为超高速驱动器及超高速撞击现象研究提供了一种可靠而方便的测试手段。     

双波荡器自由电子激光理论

给出了双波荡器自由电子激光器的通用理论.在双波荡器自由电子激光器中,引入了一个周期长度非常接近主波荡器中电子束感应加速振荡周期的附加波荡器.推导出了一套自治方程组描述双波荡器中自由电子激光场演变过程,并分别给出了低增益、高增益和饱和三种情况下的解析解.研究表明,适当选择附加波荡器的参数,可以提高自由电子激光器的增益或转换效率     

一维快速拉伸下无氧铜的动态断裂与破碎

利用电磁膨胀环技术对无氧铜环进行了不同加载电压下的动态拉伸实验。对无氧铜在破碎前出现塑性失稳多重颈缩进行了初步分析,利用能量平衡的破碎理论给出了无氧铜环的破碎分布。三维数值模拟结果表明,颈缩区温升比非颈缩区高,且多重颈缩在环周上的分布服从泊松分布。     

Modeling Variable Density Flow and Solute Transport in Porous Medium: 2. Re‐Evaluation of the Salt Dome Flow Problem

Case 5, Level 1 of the international HYDROCOIN groundwater flow modeling project is an example of idealized flow over a salt dome. The groundwater flow is strongly coupled to solute transport since density variations in this example are large (20%).Several independent teams simulated this problem using different models. Results obtained by different codes can be contradictory. We develop a new numerical model based on the mixed hybrid finite elements approximation for flow, which provides a good approximation of the velocity, and the discontinuous finite elements approximation to solve the advection equation, which gives a good approximation of concentration even when the dispersion tensor is very small. We use the new numerical model to simulate the salt dome flow problem.In this paper we study the effect of molecular diffusion and we compare linear and nonlinear dispersion equations. We show the importance of the discretization of the boundary condition on the extent of recirculation and the final salt distribution. We study also the salt dome flow problem with a more realistic dispersion (very small dispersion tensor). Our results are different to prior works with regard to the magnitude of recirculation and the final concentration distribution. In all cases, we obtain recirculation in the lower part of the domain, even for only dispersive fluxes at the boundary. When the dispersion tensor becomes very small, the magnitude of recirculation is small. Swept forward displacement could be reproduced by using finite difference method to compute the dispersive fluxes instead of mixed hybrid finite elements.     

Modeling Variable Density Flow and Solute Transport in Porous Medium: 1. Numerical Model and Verification

A new numerical model for the resolution of density coupled flow and transport in porous media is presented. The model is based on the mixed hybrid finite elements (MHFE) and discontinuous finite elements (DFE) methods. MHFE is used to solve the flow equation and the dispersive part of the transport equation. This method is more accurate in the calculation of velocities and ensures continuity of fluxes from one element to the adjacent one. DFE is used to solve the convective part of the transport equation. Combined with a slope limiting procedure, it avoids numerical instabilities and creates a very limited numerical dispersion, even for high grid Peclet number.Flow and transport equations are coupled by a standard iterative scheme. Residual based criterion is used to stop the iterations. Simulations of an unstable equilibrium show the effects of the criteria used to stop the iterations and the stopping criterion in the solver. The effects are more important for finer grids than for coarser grids.The numerical model is verified by the simulation of standard benchmarks: the Henry and the Elder test cases. A good agreement is found between the revised semianalytical Henry solution and the numerical solution. The Elder test case was also studied. The simulations were similar to those presented in previous works but with significantly less unknowns (i.e. coarser grids). These results show the efficiency of the used numerical schemes.