二氧化硅负载杂多酸对异丁烷与丁烯烷基化的催化作用Ⅰ.催化剂的制备、表征和失活

 采用浸渍法制备了二氧化硅负载的磷钨酸催化剂,系统考察了催化剂的比表面积、结晶水、结构特征和酸性等物化性质. 将在不同条件下制备的不同结构的杂多酸催化剂用于异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应,考察了催化剂活性组分、制备方法和反应条件对催化剂性能的影响,分析了催化剂的失活过程和失活机理. 结果表明,当负载量不大于50%时,磷钨酸以单分子层形式均匀分散于载体表面,催化剂表面存在大量的强B酸中心,不存在L酸中心; 经160 ℃活化后的催化剂具有最大的酸量和最强的酸性; 催化剂对烷基化反应具有较高的初活性,但随着反应的进行催化剂迅速失活; 反应产物的组成与催化剂失活程度密切相关,反应初期产物以烷烃为主,之后产物则以烯烃为主; 催化剂的失活原因为积碳.     

Copolymerization of ethylene with cyclopentene or 2‐butene with half titanocenes‐based catalysts

Half titanocenes (CpCH₂CH₂O)TiCl₂ (1), (CpCH₂CH₂OCH₃)TiCl₃ (2), and CpTiCl₃ (3), activated by methylaluminoxane (MAO) were tested in copolymerization of ethylene with internal olefins such as cyclopentene. All the catalysts were able to give incorporation of cyclopentene in polyethylene matrix. ¹³C NMR analysis of obtained copolymers showed that the catalytic systems have low regiospecificity. In fact, in ethylene–cyclopentene copolymers, cyclic olefin inserts with both 1,2 and 1,3‐enchainment. X‐ray powder diffraction analysis of these copolymers confirmed that 1,2 inserted cyclopentene units are excluded from crystalline phase, whereas 1,3‐cyclopentene units are included, giving rise to expansion of unit cell of crystalline polyethylene. Titanium‐based catalysts were investigated also in the copolymerization of ethylene with E and Z‐2‐butene. Only complex (1) was able to give copolymers and ¹³C NMR analysis of products showed 2‐3, 1‐3, and 1‐2 insertion of 2‐butene. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis displayed that ethylene–cyclopentene, as well as ethylene‐2‐butene, copolymers are crystalline and their melting point decreases by increasing the comonomer content. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4725–4733, 2008     

Short Synthesis of 3‐Prenylcoumarins by an Unusual Prenylation

Abstract

Prenylation of coumarins that have hydroxyl or alkoxyl or halo substitution (1a–1i) using 2‐methyl‐3‐butene‐2‐ol in the presence of boron trifluoride formed 3‐prenylcoumarins (2a–2d).     

2,3-二甲基-2-丁烯酰化合成3,3,4-三甲基-4-戊烯-2-酮的负载ZnCl2固体催化剂

研究了负载ZnCl2的固体催化剂在2，3-二甲基-2-丁烯与乙酐酰化合成3，3，4-三甲基-4-戊烯-2-酮反应中的催化活性。结果表明，K10粘土是最好的载体，但是HY沸石、Synclyst S13(一种无定型的酸性固体)、硅胶和氧化铝也都是制备负载ZnCl2的固体催化剂的有效载体。ZnCl2的负载量和改性方法都影响负载ZnCl2的固体催化剂的催化活性。     

Ni2＋的引入对离子液体烷基化催化性能的影响

Thealkylationofisobutanewithbuteneisanim portantprocessforthe productionofhigh qualitypetroleum .In placeofconcentratedsulfuricacid ,Et3NHCl/AlCl3ionicliquidhasbeenusedinthereac tionwithfairlygoodeffect[1] ,butthereisstillabigdifferencecomparedwiththeresultsofconcentratedsulfuricacid .TheC8contentinthealkylatesobtainedwithconcentratedsulfuricacidwas 72 1% [2 ] ,butitwasonly 5 6 %withtheionicliquid .ThekeyreactioninthealkylationishydrogentransferfromC+8toC08[3] ,andthisisthemainreasonforth…     

DFT Studies on the Isomerization of Butene Double Bond Catalyzed by 1-Butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium in Ionic Liquid

1 INTRODUCTION Butene and its isomers are important petroleum raw materials. Isomerization reaction of butene plays a key role in the course of C4 alkylation and its reaction mechanism has captured the attention of chemists all along[1, 2]. As a green so…     

Spatially inhomogeneous crystallinity in heterogeneous ethylene‐α‐olefin copolymers

The crystallinity development in heterogeneous ethylene‐1‐butene copolymers is compared with that in ethylene copolymers, with more bulky 1‐heptene as a comonomer. The thermal transitions of the 1‐heptene based copolymers persistently occur at higher temperatures than of the corresponding 1‐butene copolymers. The earlier crystallization onset is reflected in thicker primary crystals, which in turn are associated with the presence of longer ethylene sequences because of the inaccessibility of 1‐heptene to sterically shielded catalytic sites. In addition, the 1‐heptene based copolymers are characterized by a higher degree of primary crystallinity, whereas the 1‐butene copolymers exhibit more prominent secondary crystallization. The 1‐butene based copolymers thus have a less heterogeneous chemical composition distribution. At high comonomer contents, the highly heterogeneous nature of the 1‐heptene copolymers is emphasized by a more pronounced presence of low crystalline spherulite inclusions accomplished by the liquid–liquid phase separation of dissimilar polymeric chains before crystallization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3000–3018, 2005     

柠檬酸溶液处理对β沸石结构性质及烷基化性能的影响

Zeolite beta is a large-pore crystalline aluminosilicate, which was first synthesized by Wadlinger et al[1] in 1967. Due to its peculiar framework topology and suitable acidity, zeolite beta has received increasing industrial interest for some important reactions such as alkylation of benzene with light olefins[2] and alkylation of isobutane with butene[3]. Many literature papers have reported methods to modify the acidity of zeolite beta, which include ion-exchange, hydrothermal treatment, and acid treatment.     

无导向剂直接水热合成小粒径的NaY分子筛

以铝酸钠和硅溶胶作为主要原料,在没有引入晶种或有机添加剂的情况下,通过控制合成体系的水含量以及水热合成条件(凝胶摩尔组成:5.1 Na2O.Al2O3.10 SiO2.(140~220)H2O,室温陈化1~3 d及100℃晶化9 h),可获得粒径为0.30~0.35μm的小晶粒NaY分子筛.借助于XRD,SEM,XRF和DLS等分析手段对分子筛进行了表征,表明所合成的小晶粒NaY分子筛具有粒度均匀、分散性好的特点.对比了两种不同粒径的La/Y催化剂对1-丁烯脉冲芳构化反应的催化性能和反应过程中催化剂的积炭行为,表明粒径较小的催化剂具有较好的稳定性,其容炭能力和抗积炭能力较强.     

The Integrated Deconvolution Estimation Model: Effect of Inter‐Laboratory 13C NMR Analysis on IDEM Performance

The IDEM estimates the reactivity ratios of multiple‐site‐type catalysts used to make ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers. Analytical data from high‐temperature GPC and ¹³C NMR are required in the estimation process. The CSLD information from the ¹³C NMR is a crucial step in the estimation method due to NMR sensitivity and probe efficiency. The effect of inter‐laboratory analysis on IDEM parameter estimation and model predictions is studied. The copolymer samples are analyzed at the University of Waterloo and Dow Chemical Research Center at Freeport, Texas without standardization. The results prove that the IDEM is a robust parameter estimation model for ethylene/α‐olefin copolymers made with multiple‐site‐type catalysts, even when the copolymer samples are analyzed in different laboratories.