驱油体系化学剂间相互作用对界面吸附膜的影响

采用界面张力弛豫技术研究了不对称Gemini表面活性剂C12COONa-p-C9SO3Na、部分水解聚丙烯酰胺Mo-4000、疏水缔合水溶性聚丙烯酰胺(HMPAM)等驱油体系化学剂在癸烷/水界面上的扩张流变性质,考察了不同离子强度、不同类型电解质对体系界面流变性质的影响,计算得到界面扩张弹性模量和粘性模量的全频率谱,并通过归一化方法(cole-cole图)探讨了界面吸附膜的弛豫过程。研究发现,界面膜内分子重排和界面与体相间分子扩散交换是影响膜性质的主要弛豫过程。表面活性剂体相浓度增大有利于界面分子重排过程,而低频有利于扩散交换过程;不同结构聚合物以及不同离子强度、不同类型电解质对表面活性剂吸附膜有不同的影响。     

拉氏数值模拟中的人工粘性方法

较好的人工粘性需要满足较小的计算开销、不能去除真实具有的涡运动等条件.提出一种应用于拉氏数值模拟中基于Lew人工粘性,同时增加了限制器的人工粘性方法.可以有效减少数值模拟结果对网格的依赖;采用特征值限制器控制施加的人工粘性大小,通过限制器能够区分激波压缩和等熵压缩;方便应用在二维、三维,结构网格或者非结构网格上.     

Unsteady three-dimensional boundary layer flow due to a permeable shrinking sheet

The unsteady viscous flow over a continuously permeable shrinking surface is studied. Similarity equations are obtained through the application of similar transformation techniques. Numerical techniques are used to solve the similarity equations for different values of the unsteadiness parameter, the mass suction parameter, the shrinking parameter and the Prandtl number on the velocity and temperature profiles as well as the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number. It is found that, different from an unsteady stretching sheet, dual solutions exist in a certain range of mass suction and unsteadiness parameters.     

化学反应对流过半无限垂直多孔板的粘性耗散非定常磁流体流动的影响

分析了化学反应,对流过半无限竖直多孔板的、粘性耗散的、非定常的磁流体流动的影响．利用随时间变化的相似参数,将运动、能量、溶质的控制方程变换为常微分方程,并用有限单元法数值地求解所得到的常微分方程．用图形给出了不同参数对速度、温度和浓度分布的影响,用表格给出了不同物理参数值时,表面摩擦力、Nusselt数和Sherwood数的数值．     

气体体积粘性对二维环形激波聚焦的影响

基于体积粘性系数ζ的分子运动论和连续介质理论,对二维环形激波聚焦（马赫数Ma=2.0）的体积粘性效应进行数值研究,结果表明：对于热完全气体,体积粘性使得激波汇聚中心点处的压力减小、温度增加、密度减小,聚焦点物理参数的改变量分别可达20%、10%、30%,体积粘性效应对环形激波聚焦的影响是不可忽略的;与转动模态相比,在振动模态下环形激波聚焦的体积粘性效应更为明显,因为激波聚焦点附近的体积粘性应力ζ▽·V与热力学压力p达到同一数量级,从而显著改变了流动参数.     

基于子网格边界近似Riemann解的人为粘性方法

在交错网格型Lagrange(拉格朗日)流体力学算法中,通常采用人为粘性捕捉激波,人为粘性的好坏对于计算结果至关重要.研究了一种基于子网格边界处近似Riemann解的新型人为粘性.新人为粘性能够满足动量守恒和熵不等式.利用子网格边界速度差中引入的限制器,新人为粘性能够区分激波和等熵压缩,并能满足球对称问题中的波面不变性.新人为粘性在典型模型数值模拟及惯性约束聚变黑腔整体数值模拟中取得了较好的结果.     

Study on the denoising method for the electromagnetic ultrasonic echoes from multiple interfaces

The electromagnetic ultrasound is used in the detection of interfaces of the adhesive multilayer structures to solve the unstable coupling problem in ultrasonic testing by traditional piezoelectric transducers. Based on the analysis of the transforming mechanism of electromag-netic ultrasound energy and the resultant dead zone from mutual inductance of the transducer, the wavelet filtering by soft-thresholding and adaptive noise canceling methods are used simul-taneously to the detected electromagnetic ultrasonic signals to overcome the drawbacks of the low signal to noise ratio （SNR） and the wide intrinsic dead zone of the transducer. Processed results in the interface detection of a three layered adhesive sample of steel and rubber materials demonstrate that the wavelet filtering enhances the SNR about 12dB while the adaptive noise canceling narrows the dead zone effectively.     

具体热源的湍流对流中热量传递势容耗散的界

本文从数学上确定了具体热源的湍流对流中时均热量传递势容耗散的上界和下界,该上界和下界反映了体热源对湍流对流中热量传递势容耗散的影响.其上界表明具体热源的湍流对流中时均热最传递势容耗散不会大于导热情况下时均热量传递势容耗散;其下界表明,给定湍流流场的统计特性,即在某种意义上,粘性耗散一定,这时时均热量传递势容耗散可能达到的下界依赖于体热源和速度的时均值.     

Solitary wave solution to Aw-Rascle viscous model of traffic flow

A traveling wave solution to the Aw-Rascle traffic flow model that includes the relaxation and diffusion terms is investigated. The model can be approximated by the well-known Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. A numerical simulation is conducted by the first-order accurate Lax-Friedrichs scheme, which is known for its ability to capture the entropy solution to hyperbolic conservation laws. Periodic boundary conditions are applied to simulate a lengthy propagation, where the profile of the derived KdV solution is taken as the initial condition to observe the change of the profile. The simulation shows good agreement between the approximated KdV solution and the numerical solution.     

跌落冲击载荷下焊锡接点金属间化合物层的动态开裂

跌落冲击载荷作用下,含铅焊锡接点与无铅焊锡接点的破坏模式明显不同,而导致这种差异的原因目前尚不明朗。本文提出了一种可用于模拟焊锡接点在跌落冲击载荷下破坏行为的有限元模型,此模型中,金属间化合物（IMC）与焊料间的界面采用粘性区模型（CZM）来模拟其损伤开裂过程,而IMC层内的破坏程度则通过计算其能量释放率来判断。通过对板级封装跌落冲击过程的数值模拟发现,与无铅焊锡接点（Sn3.5Ag）相比,含铅焊锡接点（Sn37Pb）与IMC间的CZM层更容易发生损伤破坏,而该层的开裂会减小IMC层的应力,即降低了其内部的裂纹驱动力,从而缓解了IMC层裂纹的起始和扩展。