柴油爆炸性能外场实验研究

通过?30 mm杀爆燃弹外场炮击实验,模拟车辆、装备油箱被炮火击中后二次爆炸场景,采用高速照相机、红外热成像仪分别记录引爆柴油过程和爆炸火球的温度场,对比评估普通柴油、含水型柴油和抑爆型柴油的爆炸特性。实验结果显示:炮弹射击油箱瞬间,柴油液滴被抛撒出油箱,与空气快速混合形成气溶胶,并在炸药能量作用下引发爆炸,形成爆炸火球;不同类型柴油的爆炸火球均经历3个发展阶段,但其尺寸、扩展速率和表面温度等有较大差别,普通柴油和含水型柴油的火球这3个参数比较接近,都大于抑爆型柴油;含水型柴油的油箱毁伤容积为108.00 dm3,远高于普通柴油的57.65 dm3和抑爆型柴油的38.15 dm3。研究表明,抑爆柴油中的高分子聚合物能起到较好的抑爆作用。     

晶体LiCl∶Ni2+局域结构、吸收光谱和电子顺磁共振谱的研究

采用半自洽场自由Ni2+的3d轨道模型以及点电荷-偶极子模型,利用完全对角化方法,建立了LiCl∶Ni2+晶体的D2h对称局域结构与吸收光谱、电子顺磁共振谱之间的定量关系,统一解释了LiCl∶Ni2+晶体的局域结构与吸收光谱、电子顺磁共振谱,确定了实验中测得的零场分裂D、E的符号,预测了实验中未测得的LiCl∶Ni2+晶体的精细吸收光谱.理论计算结果与实验观测值符合得很好.     

Spin Pumping from a Quantum Dot in the Presence of Decoherence

We study the pumped spin current of an interacting quantum dot tunnel coupled to a single lead in the presence of electron spin resonance （ESR） field. The spin decoherence in the dot is included by the Bffttiker approach. Using the nonequilibrium Green＇s function technique, we show that ESR-induced spin flip can generate finite spin current with no charge transport. Both the Coulomb interaction and spin decoherence decrease the amplitude of spin current. The dependence of pumped spin current on the intensity and frequency of ESR field, and the spin decoherence is discussed.     

Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence from Single and Ensemble InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots

We investigate the temperature dependence of photoluminescence from single and ensemble InAs/GaAs quantum dots systematically. As temperature increases, the exciton emission peak for single quantum dot shows broadening and redshift. For ensemble quantum dots, however, the exciton emission peak shows narrowing and fast redshift. We use a simple steady-state rate equation model to simulate the experimental data of photoluminescence spectra. It is confirmed that carrier-phonon scattering gives the broadening of the exciton emission peak in single quantum dots while the effects of carrier thermal escape and retrapping play an important role in the narrowing and fast redshift of the exciton emission peak in ensemble quantum dots.     

Characterization Method of Polycrystalline Materials Using Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy

An apparatus for characterization of polycrystalline materials based on conductive atomic torce microscopy （cAFM） is developed and a quantitative measurement of electrical characteristics of individual grains in polycrystalline ZnO ceramic is demonstrated. Improvement of the experimental method is presented. Experimental results illuminate unambiguously the different electrical characteristics between individual grains, suggesting the suitability and maneuverability of this method in the study of local structure or properties and their relationship in polycrystalline materials such as semi-conducting ceramics.     

低温透平膨胀机的热力参数计算及数值模拟校核北大核心

针对某液化装置用一级透平膨胀机进行一维热力参数设计计算并使用商业软件ANSYS进行三维数值模拟的校核。计算表明,一维设计所得结果具有一定准确性。三维校核过程中,分别使用理想气体、PR方程以及He Pak三种不同的氦气体工质物性库,三者对工质密度计算的数据存在较大差别,且压力越大差别越大;喷嘴叶片表面压力分布差别较小,温度分布差别较大;工作轮叶片表面压力分布在前缘处有一定差别,尾缘处变化曲线基本重合,温度分布同样差别较大。此次模拟校核表明,理想气体物性库与实际气体物性库的结果存在一定偏差,故对于小型低温透平膨胀机而言,即便温区在20K以上,也应使用实际气体物性库对其进行数值模拟。     

Magnetic properties of misch-metal partially substituted Nd–Fe–B magnets sintered by dual alloy method

The misch-metal(MM) partially substituted Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets were fabricated by the dual alloy method,and the crystal structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties were analyzed comprehensively. X-ray diffraction(XRD)reveals that the increasing content of the MM has an inconsiderable effect on the crystallographic alignment of the magnets.Grains of the two main phases are uniformly distributed, and slightly deteriorate on the grain boundary. Due to the diffusion between the adjacent grains, the MM substituted Nd–Fe–B magnets contain three types of components with different Ce/La concentrations. Moreover, the first-order reversal curve(FORC) diagram is introduced to analyze the magnetization reversal process, coercivity mechanism, and distribution of reversal field in magnetic samples. The analysis indicates that there are two major reversal components, corresponding to the two different main phases. The domain nucleation and growth are determined to be the leading mechanism in controlling the magnetization reversal processes of the magnets sintered by the dual alloy method.     

基于电子舌技术对不同年份的化橘红的识别

不同年份的化橘红功效和价格均存在差异,为了快速识别未知橘红样品的年份,采用电子舌对2001～2010年的10个样品和一个盲样进行了分析.对原始数据采用主成分分析和判别因子分析.结果表明:主成分分析可以将不同年份的样品进行有效的区分,判别因子分析可以更好地区分不同年份的样品,并能进行盲样识别.在模式识别中,判别因子分析法的识别结果均优于主成分分析法,前者2个判别因子的累计方差贡献量达到了99.929%.电子舌可以较好地区分不同年份的化橘红,改进后有望应用于化橘红的快速检测.     

α-蒎烯/β-蒎烯共聚物合成与表征

α-蒎烯/β-蒎烯共聚物合成与表征;松节油;α-蒎烯;萜烯树脂;阳离子聚合     

离子液体在纤维素研究中的应用*

离子液体是一种新型的绿色溶剂,纤维素是一种可再生的生物资源,作为非衍生化纤维素溶剂,离子液体在纤维素研究中呈现出了良好的发展态势。本文综述了纤维素在离子液体溶解、再生、衍生化反应及其在生物酶催化等方面的一些研究成果。