1,4-二酮吡咯并吡咯在聚合物太阳能电池的应用

1,4-二酮吡咯并吡咯(DPP)由于具有优异的共平面性和强烈的拉电子能力,从而被引入D-A型窄带隙共轭聚合物中调控聚合物材料的能隙和能级结构,拓宽在可见光区域的响应范围。近年来,DPP类聚合物太阳能电池材料的研究受到广泛关注,目前基于DPP的聚合物太阳能电池效率高已达9.64%。本文探讨了以DPP作为受体单元而噻吩衍生物、芴、咔唑和苯并二噻吩等作为给体单元制成的D-A型窄带隙共轭聚合物太阳能电池的研究进展,并探讨了聚合物材料结构与太阳能电池性能之间的内在构效关系。     

新型含嘧啶基团的弯曲型π-共轭化合物的合成

在Pd(0)催化下,5-溴-2-碘嘧啶分别与3,5-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂戊硼烷-2-基)苯甲醚和3,5-二(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂戊硼烷-2-基)苯十二烷基醚经Suzuki-Miyaura交叉偶联反应合成了两种新型的含有嘧啶基团的弯曲型π共轭体系化合物———3,5-二(5-溴-嘧啶基)苯甲醚和3,5-二(5-溴-嘧啶基)苯十二烷基醚(6);6在Ni(cod)2的催化下经聚合反应合成了其二聚体,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和EI-MS表征。     

基于杂交链式反应的可视化免疫分析检测癌胚抗原

构建了基于杂交链反应的比色免疫分析方法,实现了对肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原的检测。在抗原-抗体的特异性结合作用下,在磁珠表面构建夹心式免疫复合物,进一步结合杂交链式反应(HCR)作为信号放大策略,将染料曙红Y嵌入至DNA长链中。在可见光的照射下,能使反应底液中的四甲基联苯胺(TMB)氧化,发生明显的颜色变化,由无色变为蓝色,且与癌胚抗原的浓度呈正相关性。在最优实验条件下,癌胚抗原的浓度在1 pg/mL^5 ng/mL范围内呈线性变化,检出限为1 pg/mL。     

相对调和映照与光滑映照的变分

相对调和映照即为满足守恒律的映照。本文研究了相对调和映照的复合性质及它们与相对仿射映照之间的关系,并把稳定调和映照的一些不存在性定理对相对调和映照作了推广。     

异种DNA对胚胎发育的影响

有平衡器之东方蝾螈的DNA和无平衡器之黑斑蛙DNA当分别注射至黑斑蛙的受精卵内时.两者都能使受注射卵发育成的有些蝌蚪在左鳃盖上具有类似平衡器的突出物.基于这些事实,可以推论蝌蚪的类似平衡器的突出物既不是由于遗传转化,也不是平衡器的诱导而是DNA对胚胎发育的非特异性效应.     

Structural Stability of CaCuMn6O12 under High Pressure and Low Temperature

In situ high pressure energy-dispersive x-ray synchrotron radiation diffraction and resistance experiments are carried out on CaCuMn6O12. Its crystal structure is stable in the measured pressure range. The equation of state of CaCuMn6O12 is obtained from the V/Vo - P relationship （V and Vo are the volumes at pressure P and at atmosphere）. The bulk modulus Bo is calculated based on the Birch-Murnaghan equation. Low temperature x-ray diffraction shows no phase transition occurring down to 160K.     

Near-Field Fluorescence and Topography Characterization of a Single Nanometre Fluorophore by Apertureless Tip-Enhanced Scanning Near-Field Microscopy

Tip-enhanced near-field fluorescence and topography characterization of a single nanometre fluorophore is conducted by using an apertureless scanning near-field microscopy system. A fluorophore with size 80hm is mapped with a spatial resolution of 10hm. The corresponding near-field fluorescence data shows significant signal enhancement due to the apertureless tip-enhanced effect. With the nanometre spatial resolution capability and nanometre local tip-enhanced effect, the apertureless tip-enhanced scanning near-field microscopy may be further used to characterize a single molecule by realizing the local near-field spectrum assignment corresponding to topography at nanometre scale.     

教会学生算利息

为了适应商品经济的需要，初中数学教材中安排了单利计算利息和税收的内容。