屈服后表面裂纹与穿透裂纹的等效裂纹长度换算

在较小范围屈服条件下，将D-M模型和弹塑性线弹簧模型相结合，建立了屈服后一般扁壳表面裂纹的计算模型，导出了其控制方程和相应的COD计算公式。在此基础上，提出了屈服后一般扁壳表面裂纹与平板穿透裂纹的等COD换算方法。通过各种影响因素的分析并去除次要因素，最终给出了该等效换算关系的简单拟合公式。计算结果表明，该分析方法简便且有足够的工程精度，适应于在役压力容器等结构的现场快速断裂评定。     

Treatment of sugar processing industry wastewater using copper electrode by electrocoagulation: Performance and economic study

This paper demonstrates the use of copper electrode for the treatment of sugar processing industry wastewater (SPIW) in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) by applying electrocoagulation (EC) method. EC process was carried out in batch mode with electrode effective area of 0.0112 m², supplied current intensity (CI) of 44.64 A/m² - 223.21 A/m², electrode gap (EG) of 0.5–2.5 cm, electrolyte (NaCl) dose (ED) of 0.5–2.5 g/L to treat SPIW with initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 6000 mg/L. The maximum COD removal 73% of SPIW is achieved at optimized condition of SPIW pH: 7, CI: 89.28 A/m², EG: 1.5 cm & ED: 1.5 g/L. Sludge and scum generated during EC process were characterized by FTIR, TGA/DTA/DTG, proximate & ultimate analysis to find its applicability and their disposal. Additionally, economic study of EC treatment process at optimum condition suggest treatment cost was 11.2 US$/m³ and it indicate economic results as comparison to other available treatment processes.     

基于超声-ORP原理的快速COD检测法研究

针对传统水质化学需氧量(COD)在线检测方法检测稳定性差、易受环境影响等缺陷,为提高水质COD在线检测效率和稳定性,本文基于超声化学原理和氧化还原电位法(ORP),提出一种在超声波辅助消解(UASD)作用下基于ORP法的COD检测方法：UASD-ORP法。通过超声波辐照下空化气泡微射流的加强传质、表面自由基活化等特效作用消解待测水样,结合ORP监测溶液的宏观氧化-还原性,保证COD检测中后续滴定过程的准确性、稳定性。实验表明,经该方法检测标准邻苯二甲酸氢钾(KHP)溶液的COD值同国标法测得的COD值非常接近,相对误差在-6.0%~-3.0%之间;对污水样品实地测试中,该方法测得的COD值与标准方法测得的COD值的准确度在-10%~-1.5%之间。应用UASD-ORP法完成COD检测周期在15min~20min,且测量值重复性≤3%。实验验证了该方法具有可行性,可以用于开发在线检测技术。     

Amperometric Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand via the Functional Combination of Three Digestion Types

The study focused on the proposal and experimental validation of an combined photoelectrocatalytic principle for chemical oxygen demand determination (combined PeCOD, PeCOD‐combined), which was functionally comprised of photon‐efficient thin‐film photochemical, photocarrier‐efficient electrochemical and conventional bulk‐phase photochemical digestion types in one single photodigestion process. The combined PeCOD technology was proposed mainly on the basis of the significantly informative work of existing photoelectrocatalytic COD (thin‐layer PeCOD, PeCOD‐thin), and could realize the three different digestion types on one single rotating photoanode. The three important operation conditions of rotating speed, applied bias and pH value were investigated and optimized, and a wide analytical linear range of 2.7–11 500 mg/L was consequently obtained during an approximately 5–110 min determination period, and a real sample analysis further validated the practical feasibility of the proposed PeCOD‐combined. In PeCOD‐combined the main organics digestion and signal generation occurred via PeCOD‐thin due to efficient UV utilization and excellent photodigestion activity.     

校正系数法测定高氯离子废水中的COD

采用校正系数法对测定高氯离子废水中的化学需氧量(COD)进行氯离子干扰校正。实际样品测定时,先加入浓硫酸消解,将水样中氯离子全部氧化,再加入硫酸银进行样品催化氧化,通过滴定得到COD表观值,扣除氯离子校正值后得到样品COD真实值。方法适合于高氯离子低COD样品的测定。     

Study on photocatalytic oxidation for determination of the low chemical oxygen demand using a nano-TiO2-Ce(SO4)2 coexisted system

A new photocatalytic system, nano-TiO₂-Ce(SO₄)₂ coexisted system, which can be used to determine the low chemical oxygen demand (COD) is described. Nano-TiO₂ powders is used as photocatalyst in this system. The measuring method is based on direct determination of the concentration change of Ce(IV) resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds. The mechanism of the photocatalytic oxidation for COD determination was discussed and the optimum experimental conditions were investigated. Under the optimum conditions, a good calibration graph for COD values between 1.0 and 12 mg l⁻¹ was obtained and the LOD value was achieved as low as 0.4 mg l⁻¹. When determining the real samples, the results were in good agreement with those from the conventional methods.     

无汞盐密封法测定高氯浓度水样的化学需氧量

提出了一种以重铬酸钾为氧化剂,以6%硫酸银代替硫酸汞作为掩蔽-催化剂消除高氯离子干扰,测定化学需氧量(COD)的无汞密封新方法。研究了反应温度、反应时间和硫酸银浓度等测定条件。该法可以避免汞盐对环境的污染,适合测定多种类型的水样。该法测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.4%(n=8),平均加标回收率为98.5%.     

扬州雨水质量分析及其利用

本文针对地处南水北调东线源头的扬州地区雨水进行了分析,除了测定雨水中含有的重金属和常见元素Pb、Zn、Cu、K、Na、Ca、Mg、NH4 -N外,对雨水样品酸度、温度、固体悬浮物(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)等参数进行了测定分析,结果发现,扬州雨水质量尚好.从沥青屋面雨后积水COD的变化曲线看,降雨开始50min后,COD值基本稳定在Ⅲ-Ⅳ类水质标准之间,110min后符合Ⅰ类水质量标准.