CO2-水-页岩相互作用的研究现状及展望

简要综述了CO2、水和页岩间矿物的相互作用,分析了CO2注入到地下进入页岩层后,地下含水层pH值的变化,并根据页岩层的矿物学组成分为黏土矿物和脆性矿物,较为详细地描述了CO2与黏土矿物和脆性矿物之间发生的地球化学反应,概述了此反应对页岩层孔隙度和渗透率的影响。同时,也讨论了CO2增强页岩气开采的现实问题及发展趋势,为今后的研究提供了参考。     

绝对编码光栅的相位细分及其在位移测量中的应用

提出通过光栅条纹相位的精密测量,获取光栅高精度位移信息的方法。具体方法是对光栅图像采用多码道设计,用CCD二维图像传感器获取测量段光栅图像多码道信息。对最低码道图形的周期函数序列进行傅里叶变换、基频滤波和逆傅里叶变换获得光栅截断相位分布,其余码道信息提供相位展开的级次,以此获得测量段光栅的绝对相位分布。用光刻的手段制作了实用的绝对编码光栅,基元码道的尺寸是:27.36μm用于明条纹,27.36μm用于暗条纹,最小基元码道空间周期为54.72μm,光栅长度为14008.32μm。在步长近似3μm的位移测试中,与比对的标准仪器记录值比较,标准偏差为0.2057μm,精度在亚微米量级。重复性实验表明,位置测试的稳定性为0.09μm(标准差),得到600倍以上细分的分辨力。     

金属标记结合高效液相色谱-选择离子监测质谱的蛋白质绝对定量新方法

建立了金属标记结合高效液相色谱-选择性离子监测质谱(SIM)的蛋白质绝对定量新方法。实验考察了金属标记效率、金属标记的稳定性、标记后肽段的色谱保留和质谱行为、新定量方法的线性范围和准确度。实验结果表明金属标记具有标记效率高,稳定性好,色谱保留行为一致等优点。另外,金属标记-选择离子监测质谱绝对定量方法灵敏度高,其定量限低至1 fmol,线性范围为1~500 fmol,线性范围内R2值大于0.99,具有良好的线性关系;经过测量,标准肽段的回收率为117.01%,说明该方法具有较高的准确度。将该方法应用于腾冲嗜热菌中烯醇酶蛋白的定量分析,相对标准偏差为5.47%,表明该方法的精密度高。以上结果表明该方法可以用于生物样本中的蛋白质的绝对定量分析,为比较简单的生物样本中蛋白质的绝对定量方法提供了一种新的选择。     

A novel correlation for estimation of hydrate forming condition of natural gases

An inherent problem with natural gas production or transmission is the formation of gas hydrates, which can lead to safety hazards to production/ transportation systems and to substantial economic risks. Therefore, an understanding of conditions where hydrates form is necessary to overcome hydrate related issues. Over the years, several models requiring more complicated and longer computations have been proposed for the prediction of hydrate formation conditions of natural gases. For these reasons, it is essential to develop a reliable and simple-to-use method for oil and gas practitioners. The purpose of this study is to formulate a novel empirical correlation for rapid estimation of hydrate formation condition of sweet natural gases. The developed correlation holds for wide range of temperatures (265–298 K), pressures (1200 to 40000 kPa) and molecular weights (16−29). New proposed correlation shows consistently accurate results across proposed pressure, temperature and molecular weight ranges. This consistency could not be matched by any of the widely accepted existing correlations within the investigated range. For all conditions, new correlation showed average absolute deviation to be less than 0.2% and provided much better results than the widely accepted existing correlations.     

基于Taylor级数的矩阵双曲余弦函数的数值算法

提出了一种基于Taylor级数的矩阵双曲余弦函数的数值逼近算法,为减少计算量使用了Paterson-Stockmeyer方法来计算矩阵Taylor多项式,对逼近误差进行了绝对后向误差分析以减少误差,并设计了算法可以较为快速且准确地求解矩阵双曲余弦函数,最后进行了数值实验,验证了算法的有效性.     

交错级数收敛性的几个结果及其应用

莱布尼兹判别法只是一个充分条件。有大量交错级数虽然不满足其条件,但却是收敛的．对于无法用莱布尼兹判别法判定的三类交错级数,利用常数项级数收敛的定义及相关结果,可以证明在一定条件下它们都是收敛的．并通过实例说明所得结果的应用价值．     

级数绝对收敛与条件收敛的审敛法研究

由正项级数∞∑n=1 ｜un｜发散一般不能推出级数∞∑n=1 un发散。但是如果正项级数∞∑n=1 ｜un｜的发散性是由比值审敛法或根值审敛法所确定，则原级数∞∑n=1 un必然发散．     

试探《物理学》的美学原理

本文通俗地描述物理学中所包含的美学原理．使工科师生也能从非功利的视角来认识物理学的博大精深．     

大气动力学方程组的半拉格朗日计算方案的数学研究

通过对大气动力学方程组的半拉格朗日方案的数学分析，得出主要结论如下：(1)说明了Robert的半拉格朗日方案并不是绝对稳定的，通过特征线理论和双曲拟线性方程组解的理论，进一步说明了Robert理论的不正确。(2)通过分析右端项沿轨道积分，给出了一个关于半拉格朗日方案成立的判据。该判据与CLF相仿。(3)根据浅水方程特征理论，发现半拉格朗日方案应包括沿轨道反向积分(大气中慢过程)和沿特征锥积分(大气中快过程)，而已有的方案仅含前一类。因此，今后有必要研究后一类的半拉格朗日方案并研究这两类过程之间的相互作用的计算问题。(4)即使研究沿轨道反向积分问题，其特征跟原方程组解直接有关，因此，不仅仅是一个常微分方程组的问题。而大气动力学方程组的经典解一般仅在小范围成立，并且一维、二维和三维间断均会出现。故大范围反向积分特征线一般是不可能的。     

Analysis on absolute measurement of optical coating absorption loss based on photothermal detuning technique

Based on the photothermal detuning technique, the three linear relations among reflectance （or trans- mittance）, temperature rise, and pump beam power are studied to achieve the absolute measurement of absorption loss. The relation between temperature and reflectance and the calculation accuracy of tem- perature rise on sample surface have great impacts on the measured result. The influences of parameters involved in the method and the relation between temperature and reflectance and the temperature model of sample surface are also studied. The results show that the absolute absorption loss of optical coatings can be achieved by the proposed method. The measurement accuracy depends on the temperature model and the relation between temperature and reflectance. The linear relation between reflectance and temper- ature rise has largest slope when probe beam wavelength is 632.8 nm and incident angle is 28°. The linear relation slope between temperature rise and pump beam power decreases with the growing of beam size and modulation frequency. The results provide theoretical and experimental supports for the perfection and further application of the photothermal detuning technique.