石墨相氮化碳量子点的制备及应用的研究进展

近年来,石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)因其稳定的物理化学性能和良好的生物相容性而受到研究者关注。与块体g-C3N4相比,石墨相氮化碳量子点(g-CNQDs)尺寸更小、荧光效率更高,且具有量子限域效应,因此拥有特殊的理化性质与更好的光催化性能。本文主要从g-CNQDs的制备策略和应用展开讨论,着重综述了微波辅助法、低温固相法、热化学腐蚀法和电化学刻蚀法制备g-CNQDs,以及g-CNQDs在催化剂、离子检测、生物传感与诊疗等领域的最新应用研究进展;指出了目前g-CNQDs在性质、制备和应用等研究方面的重点和难点;最后对g-CNQDs存在的问题和未来的发展方向作出了展望。     

磺化石墨烯/活性炭复合电极的制备及其不对称电容器脱盐

在还原剂NaBH₄存在下, 采用对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐与氧化石墨(GO)表面共价键合制备磺化石墨烯(GP-SO₃H). 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)证明磺酸基团在石墨烯表面接枝. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了磺化石墨烯的表面形貌. 以磺化石墨烯为添加剂, 制备了磺化石墨烯/活性炭(GP-SO₃H/AC)复合电极. 循环伏安及阻抗分析结果表明, 该复合电极的电容特性及导电性有明显改善. 以活性炭电极为对电极组装了不对称电容器(GP-SO₃H/AC|AC), 研究了该不对称电容器的电化学脱盐性能. 与对称电容器(AC|AC)相比, 不对称电容器中由于电极内磺酸基团对反离子的屏蔽作用, 电容器的电流效率达到89.4%以上, 脱盐量提高2.4倍, 单个循环脱盐量达到10.87 mg/g.     

熔石英元件HF刻蚀的实验研究

为深入了解熔石英元件化学刻蚀过程,研究了HF刻蚀反应机理、HF刻蚀工艺参数以及刻蚀对表面质量的影响规律。通过控制变量法,获得刻蚀速率随HF浓度、刻蚀温度以及NH4F浓度的变化规律。对刻蚀不同深度后的元件表面粗糙度、形貌、杂质含量以及激光损伤阈值进行了检测,实验结果表明:刻蚀速率受多种因素共同影响,其中HF浓度的促进作用最为显著;刻蚀后的熔石英表面形貌复杂,有横向、纵向、拖尾等形式的划痕,以及坑点、杂质等缺陷,其中横向划痕和纵向划痕占据了缺陷部分的主体,主要杂质铈元素随刻蚀时间的增长不断减少;激光损伤阈值测量实验表明,通过HF刻蚀将元件损伤阈值提高了59.6%。     

激光干涉法检测回流离子特征参数的实验研究

 分析了回流离子基本物理特性及特征参数的检测与信号处理方法,设计了激光干涉实验方案。简要介绍了该实验方案的优缺点,并针对具体实验调试工作中出现的不利于信号检测的问题,总结出了解决方法：严格按照成像质量要求进行光学元器件的设计、加工、选型、调试,可获得较为理想的静态干涉图像;在激光干涉条纹输出与分幅相机之间增加一定缩束比例的缩束镜,可获得动态干涉图像;采用铅等重金属材料对分幅相机进行屏蔽可提高测量图像的信噪比;在6 μs时间段内,采用变时延和时间间隔的方法,获得了回流离子的状态信息。最后对实验所获得的干涉图像进行了分析处理,获得了假设条件下回流离子的密度分布。     

非单调扭转映射及其基本双曲集

证明了一族单参数非单调扭转映射的马蹄的存在性 ,进一步指出当参数趋于无穷时 ,马蹄的Hausdorff维数趋于相空间的维数 .     

Effect of structural parameters of Gaussian repaired pit on light intensity distribution inside KH_2PO_4 crystal

KH2PO4 （KDP） crystal with excellent optical properties is a very important element of inertial confinement fusion （ICF） device. However, KDP crystal surface micro-defects severely reduce the crystal laser damage threshold, affecting the crystal service life. In this paper, Gaussian repaired pit is used to replace the crystal surface micro-defects, in order to improve the laser damage resistance of the KDP crystal with surface micro-defects. At first, the physical model of Gaussian repaired pit is built by Fourier model method, and the accuracy of the method is analyzed. It is found that the calculation error can be reduced by increasing the product of the width-period ratio and the truncation constant of the repaired pit. The calculation results about the physical model of Gaussian repaired pit show that the light intensity distribution within the crystal is symmetrical, and there are evidently enhanced light intensity regions in the crystal. Meanwhile, the maximum relative intensity inside the KDP crystal decreases gradually with the increase of the width of the Gaussian repaired pit. Secondly, the Gaussian repaired pits with different widths and the same depth of 20 μm are processed by micro-milling. Their surfaces are very smooth and present the ductile cutting state under the microscope. Finally, the laser damage threshold of the Gaussian repaired pits on the surface of the KDP crystal sample is measured by a 3 ω, 6-ns laser. The results showthat the maximum threshold of the Gaussian repaired pits is 3.12 J/cm2, which is 60% higher than the threshold of initial damage point, and the laser damage threshold increases with the increase of the width of the Gaussian repaired pit.     

电子束与靶作用产生的回流离子诊断方法初步研究

文章分析和介绍了国际上回流离子诊断的必要性和方法.针对回流离子主要参数(密度、运动速度、种类等)测量的需要,具体介绍了激光干涉测量法、法拉第筒测量法、Langmuir探针测量法、固体径迹测量法的基本原理、特点和局限性,并进行了具体实验方案的设计和可能实验结果的分析计算,其中提出了基于探针测量法测量回流离子的基本思想和实现方案.文章作者基于信息融合技术的基本思想,在对上述有关离子特性测量方法进行具体分析的基础上,提出了一个综合诊断方案,并对可能的结果进行了估计.     

BEPC-Ⅱ对撞区超导磁铁失超保护系统逻辑

在BEPCⅡ对撞区中采用了两块结构复杂的超导磁铁. 该超导磁铁的失超保护系统的逻辑将所有相关的故障分为两类, 并根据两类故障的紧急程度采取不同的保护措施. 因为BEPCⅡ有两种运行模式,所以该超导磁铁的失超保护系统还必须要考虑运行模式的切换问题.     

Study on incident laser modulation using surface micro-defects on KH2PO4 crystal

KH2PO4 crystal is a crucial optical component of inertial confinement fusion. Modulation of an incident laser by surface micro-defects will induce the growth of surface damage, which largely restricts the enhancement of the laser induced damage threshold. The modulation of an incident laser by using different kinds of surface defects are simulated by employing the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. The results indicate that after the modulation of surface defects, the light intensity distribution inside the crystal is badly distorted, with the light intensity enhanced symmetrically. The relations between modulation properties and defect geometries （e.g., width, morphology, and depth of defects） are quite different for different defects. The modulation action is most obvious when the width of surface defects reaches 1.064 p-m. For defects with smooth morphology, such as spherical pits, the degree of modulation is the smallest and the light intensity distribution seems relatively uniform. The degree of modulation increases rapidly with the increase of the depth of surface defects and becomes stable when the depth reaches a critical value. The critical depth is 1.064 μm for cuboid pits and radial cracks, while for ellipsoidal pits the value depends on both the width and the length of the defects.     

基于多信息融合回流离子特性的实验研究

 简要介绍了回流离子特性参数的检测要求,分析了多种不同检测方法的特点,进行了离子检测综合实验方案的设计。介绍了激光干涉+分幅相机测量、法拉第筒测量、基于单晶硅片的固体径迹测量3种实验方法及实验结果的分析过程,对各自的原始实验数据进行了具体分析,给出了分析结果。对3种实验方法的分析结果,采用信息融合技术,对电子束打靶时所产生的回流离子的种类、运动速度和密度等特性给出了综合性的分析结论,有助于进一步正确认识束靶作用区的物理特性。