硅纳米线阵列光电探测器研究进展

硅(Si)作为最重要的半导体材料之一,被广泛应用于太阳电池、光电探测器等光电器件中.由于硅和空气之间的折射率差异,大量的入射光在硅基表面即被反射.为了抑制这种反射带来的损失,多种具有强陷光效应的硅纳米结构被研发出来.采用干法蚀刻方案多数存在成本高昂、制备复杂的问题,而湿法蚀刻方案所制备的硅纳米线阵列则存在间距等参数可控性较低、异质结有效面积较小等问题.聚苯乙烯微球掩膜法可结合干法及湿法蚀刻各自的优点,容易得到周期性硅纳米线(柱)阵列.本文首先概述了硅纳米线结构的性质和制备方法,总结了有效提升硅纳米线(柱)阵列光电探测器性能的策略,并分析了其中存在的问题.进而,讨论了基于硅纳米线(柱)阵列光电探测器的最新进展,重点关注其结构、光敏层的形貌以及提高光电探测器性能参数的方法.最后,简要介绍了其存在的主要问题及可能的解决方案.     

Faraday-rotation self-interference method for electron beam duration measurement in the laser wakefield accelerator

Real-time single-shot measurement of the femtosecond electron beam duration in laser wakefield accelerators is discussed for both experimental design and theoretical analysis that combines polarimetry and interferometry.The probe pulse polarization is rotated by the azimuthal magnetic field of the electron beam and then introduced into a Michelson-type interferometer for self-interference. The electron beam duration is obtained from the region size of the interference fringes, which is independent of the pulse width of the probe laser. Using a larger magnification system or incident angle, the measurement resolution can be less than 1 fs.     

酶催化生物可降解聚酯的合成与研究进展

生物可降解聚酯是一种新型高分子聚合材料,可通过发酵、化学方法和酶催化来合成.本文综述了酶催化下通过缩聚、酯交换、内酯开环聚合等方法合成此类聚酯.酶催化合成生物可降解聚酯是一种新型的技术,可以在温和条件下高效合成,有着传统方法难以比拟的优势.