Degenerate asymmetric quantum concatenated codes for correcting biased quantum errors

In most practical quantum mechanical systems, quantum noise due to decoherence is highly biased towards dephasing. The quantum state suffers from phase flip noise much more seriously than from the bit flip noise. In this work, we construct new families of asymmetric quantum concatenated codes (AQCCs) to deal with such biased quantum noise. Our construction is based on a novel concatenation scheme for constructing AQCCs with large asymmetries, in which classical tensor product codes and concatenated codes are utilized to correct phase flip noise and bit flip noise, respectively. We generalize the original concatenation scheme to a more general case for better correcting degenerate errors. Moreover, we focus on constructing nonbinary AQCCs that are highly degenerate. Compared to previous literatures, AQCCs constructed in this paper show much better parameter performance than existed ones. Furthermore, we design the specific encoding circuit of the AQCCs. It is shown that our codes can be encoded more efficiently than standard quantum codes.     

高效液相色谱与纳流电喷雾阵列Chirp Z变换离子迁移谱联用方法研究

利用柱后分流频率调制Chirp Z变换离子迁移谱(IMS),建立了高效液相色谱与纳流电喷雾阵列Chirp Z变换离子迁移谱(HPLC-NanoESI-Chirp Z IMS)联用分析方法,考察了喷雾电压、溶剂组成、溶液流速等参数对NanoESI-Chirp Z IMS信噪比的影响.在此基础上,利用建立的方法对一系列四烷基溴化铵类化合物进行测定,并比较了Chirp Z变换法和FT变换法两种方法的信噪比和分辨率.实验结果表明,最佳实验条件为: 喷雾电压4.5 kV;溶剂组成90%甲醇;ESI溶液流速为8 μL/min. 利用HPLC-NanoESI-Chirp Z IMS联用方法成功测定了四丁基溴化铵、四戊基溴化铵、四己基溴化铵、四庚基溴化铵、四辛基溴化铵烷、四癸基溴化铵组成的混合样品.与传统信号平均离子迁移谱相比,Chirp Z变换离子迁移谱的信噪比更高,其迁移时间的测定精度优于傅里叶变换离子迁移谱.     

固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定果蔬中36种农药残留

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定果蔬中36种农药残留。果蔬试样经丙酮-水匀质,二氯甲烷液-液萃取,然后过石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化,浓缩定容后在DB-5毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm)分离,质谱中选择电喷雾离子源-选择离子监测模式。36种农药残留的质量浓度在一定范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)均不高于15μg·kg-1。加标回收率在75.3%~115%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.6%~7.8%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法快速测定南疆特色林果土壤中22种邻苯二甲酸酯类残留

建立了气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定南疆特色林果土壤中22种邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物残留的分析方法。样品经超声提取,离心分离,Al2O3小柱净化,进气相色谱-质谱检测。在该条件下,采用内标法定量,EI模式下,22种邻苯二甲酸酯在0.05~5mg/L范围内呈现良好的线性,检测限为0.4~10μg/kg,回收率为78.5%~108.2%。经过对南疆三个林果区的90个土壤样品分析,得出最主要的邻苯二甲酸酯类污染物为邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己)酯,部分达到了严重污染。所建立的方法准确度高,灵敏度好,适合土壤样品中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的测定。     

混合气流中光束远场强度分布的测量

本测量了激光束穿过混合流场远场强度的分布和远场Strehl比Sr，并将直接测量的Sr值与通过近场位相畸变测量计算所得的Sr值作了比较，结果吻合得很好．     

野西瓜种子油中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用加速溶剂萃取及索氏提取法,用正己烷和乙醚为提取剂从野西瓜种子中提取油脂,经浓H2SO4催化,甲醇甲酯化处理后,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术鉴定出野西瓜种子中的脂肪酸主要组成为:油酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸等,其中不饱和脂肪酸总量占91.4%,主要成分油酸占73.3%。野西瓜种子油具有较高的营养价值,同时也可为生物柴油提供良好的原料。     

呼出气体活体质谱分析揭示中医推拿引起的代谢反应

采用电喷雾萃取电离质谱(EESI-MS)技术,在正离子检测模式下,对经过临床中医诊断为肝胆火旺、心脾阳虚和寒湿厚重等不同健康状态的4名志愿者接受推拿前后的呼出气体样品在m/z 50~1000质量范围内的指纹谱图进行了直接分析。通过高分辨质谱确认了接受推拿前后发生显著变化的代谢物(如肾上腺素(m/z 184.0889)、3-(3-羟基苯基)丙酸(m/z 167.0615)和L-色氨酸(m/z 205.0933)等)的结构。此外,结合偏最小二乘法判别分析(PLS-DA)使健康状态不同的志愿者接受中医推拿前后呼出气体的指纹谱图得到明显区分,说明中医推拿能显著地改变志愿者的新陈代谢过程。呼出气体的直接质谱分析将是实时跟踪中医推拿引起的代谢变化的有效途径。     

超临界二氧化碳中过渡金属催化有机反应研究进展

主要综述了近年来超临界二氧化碳作为反应介质过渡金属催化有机反应的最新进展.通过与常规有机溶剂中有机反应的对比,着重介绍了超临界二氧化碳作为反应介质在有机反应中所显示出的优越性,例如调控反应的选择性,提高反应速度和增加催化剂催化效率等.     

Ammonium Chloride Promoted Palladium-Catalyzed UIImann Coupling of Aryl Bromide

In water, ammonium chloride was found to promote palladium-catalyzed Ullmann coupling reactions of aryl bromides. In the presence of Pd/C, zinc, NH4Cl, and water, coupling of various aryl bromides was carried out smoothly to afford the corresponding homocoupling products in moderate yields.     

The exciton-longitudinal-optical-phonon coupling in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells with various cap layer thicknesses

This paper studies the exciton-longitudinal-optical-phonon coupling in InGaN/GaN single quantum wells with various cap layer thicknesses by low temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurements.With increasing cap layer thickness,the PL peak energy shifts to lower energy and the coupling strength between the exciton and longitudinal-optical (LO) phonon,described by Huang-Rhys factor,increases remarkably due to an enhancement of the internal electric field.With increasing excitation intensity,the zero-phonon peak shows a blueshift and the Huang-Rhys factor decreases.These results reveal that there is a large built-in electric field in the well layer and the exciton-LO-phonon coupling is strongly affected by the thickness of the cap layer.