一种新的岩石非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型研究

为了克服传统元件组合模型不能描述岩石蠕变过程中非线性特征的缺陷，首先根据加速蠕变阶段的应变和应变率随蠕变时间急剧增大的特点，建立黏塑性应变与蠕变时间的指数函数关系并提出非线性黏塑性体．将该非线性黏塑性体与广义Burgers蠕变模型串联，建立可以描述岩石全蠕变过程的非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型，根据叠加原理得到一维应力状态下的轴向蠕变方程．然后基于塑性力学理论指出岩石三维蠕变本构方程建立过程中的不足之处，并给出非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型合理的三维蠕变方程．最后采用不同应力水平下砂岩轴向蠕变试验对模型合理性进行验证，结果表明：拟合曲线与试验曲线吻合度较高，所建蠕变模型能够很好地描述砂岩在不同应力水平下的蠕变变形规律，尤其对加速蠕变阶段的非线性特征描述效果很好，验证了模型的合理性．     

一个p(x)-Laplace方程组非平凡解的存在性

在广义Lebesgue空间L~(p(x))(Ω)和广义Sobolev空间W~(1,p(x))(Ω)基本理论体系的基础上,利用山路引理,Young不等式,H(o|¨)lder不等式和嵌入定理,获得了一p(x)-Laplace方程组非平凡解的存在性.     

卷积神经网络用于近红外光谱古筝面板木材分级

目前,我国乐器制作行业在古筝面板用木材等级的筛选上主要依赖于技师主观评判,但此法缺少科学理论的依据,效率低,客观性及出材率的提高等方面受到限制,无法满足乐器市场的大量需求。实现古筝面板用木材快速、智能化的分级工作是一个急需解决的课题。近红外光谱非常适用于测量含氢的有机物质。古筝面板木材主要化学成分的化学键均由含氢基团组成,不同等级板材的化学成分存在差异,这些差异反映在近红外光谱中,为判断木材等级提供了可能。同时卷积神经网络对非线性数据具有较强的特征提取能力,所以提出一种应用卷积神经网络模型对光谱数据进行分析的方法,进而判别木材的等级。应用了Savitzky Golay一阶、二阶微分两种预处理方法和核主成分分析、连续投影算法两种数据压缩方法,通过所设计的卷积神经网络模型以样本识别准确率和模型构建过程中的损失值作为判定指标选出最佳预处理和数据压缩方法。为了提高模型提取分析光谱数据的能力和避免过拟合现象,应用了多通道卷积核、批量归一化和early stopping策略,将通过两层卷积层提取的特征信息送入全连接层,从而充分提取剩余信息,通过Softmax函数获得板材的最终预测等级,从而确定了最终模型。最终Savitzky Golay一阶微分和核主成分分析为最佳数据处理方法,同时得出用于区分不同等级的古筝面板用木材的主要关键谱带,分别为1 163~1 243, 1 346~1 375和1 525~1 584 nm。将该模型应用于测试集样本,古筝面板用木材的等级识别准确率为95.5%。实验结果表明所提出的方法可以高效地处理光谱数据,有效识别区分不同等级的古筝面板用木材的关键特征,从而为广阔的乐器市场提供一定的技术支持。     

高校教师激励与约束机制分析

最有效的管理方式是对人的激励,高校管理的核心是通过激励以最大限度地调动与发挥教师的积极性和创造性.运用博弈论方法和委托-代理理论探析信息不对称下高校教师的激励与约束机制,对教师校外兼职问题进行博弈分析,提出健全高校教师激励与约束机制的建议.     

欧盟REACH法规中钴、砷、铬、锡、铅等高关注物质X射线荧光光谱法定量筛选用橡胶标准样品的研制

<正>欧洲化学品管理署(ECHA)于2008年10月至今已公布8批、共计138种高关注物质(SVHC),包括含钴、砷、铬、锡和铅的高关注物质共30多种物质,它们广泛应用于塑料、橡胶、染料、油漆、涂料等多个领域。因残留在橡胶和塑料制品中的高关注物质危害人类的健康,欧盟REACH法规[1]规定进入欧盟的化学品若高关注物质含量超过0.1%,必须向欧洲化学品管理署通报。X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)由于具有准确度高、     

二维CAS小波求解变厚度功能梯度简支梁的弹性静力学问题

利用正交的二维CAS小波方法数值求解了变厚度功能梯度简支梁的二维弹性力学问题,此求解过程相对简单,易于编程,具有可推广性.     

L-fuzzy层双保序算子空间中的(ω_α,υ_α)-仿紧性

首先在层双保序算子空间中引进了两种(ω_α,υ_α)-仿紧性,证明了它们都是好的推广.其次,给出了它们的若干刻画与性质,并指出了它们保持若干拓扑不变性质.最后,讨论了(ω_α,υ_α)-仿紧性、(ω_α,υ_α)-分离性以及(ω_α,υ_α)-紧性之间的关系.     

Hilbert空间中连续广义标架的和

基于Hilbert空间标架理论，借助算子工具，用己有连续广义标架构造了新连续广义标架，并给出了有限个连续广义标架和构成新连续广义标架的充要条件，为构造连续广义标架提供了新方法。     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

可用于连续识别Cu^2+和阴离子、中性分子荧光探针的研究进展

铜(Cu)含量的高低直接影响着生命体的正常运转和自然体系的平衡.检测铜离子的方法多种多样,其中具有较高敏感度和选择性的荧光化学传感器应用更加广泛.综述了以Cu^2+为基的荧光化学传感器通过"替换"法实现了对阴离子S^2-, CN^-, H2PO4^-, PPi和I^-以及中性分子ATP、ADP和生物硫醇等的连续识别的研究进展.