An overview of sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from water,sediment and soil

The latest developments in sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from environmental matrices viz., water, sediment and soil were reviewed. Though the synthetic pyrethroids were launched in 1970s, to the best of authors’ knowledge there was no review on this subject until date. The present status and recent advances made during the last 10 years in sample preparation including conservation and extraction techniques used in determination of synthetic pyrethroids in water, sediment and soil were discussed. Pre- and post-extraction treatments, sample stability during extraction and its influence upon the whole process of analytical determination were covered. Relative merits and demerits including the green aspects of extraction were evaluated. The current trends and future prospects were also addressed.     

Electron ionization LC‐MS with supersonic molecular beams—the new concept,benefits and applications

A new type of electron ionization LC‐MS with supersonic molecular beams (EI‐LC‐MS with SMB) is described. This system and its operational methods are based on pneumatic spray formation of the LC liquid flow in a heated spray vaporization chamber, full sample thermal vaporization and subsequent electron ionization of vibrationally cold molecules in supersonic molecular beams. The vaporized sample compounds are transferred into a supersonic nozzle via a flow restrictor capillary. Consequently, while the pneumatic spray is formed and vaporized at above atmospheric pressure the supersonic nozzle backing pressure is about 0.15 Bar for the formation of supersonic molecular beams with vibrationally cold sample molecules without cluster formation with the solvent vapor. The sample compounds are ionized in a fly‐though EI ion source as vibrationally cold molecules in the SMB, resulting in ‘Cold EI’ (EI of vibrationally cold molecules) mass spectra that exhibit the standard EI fragments combined with enhanced molecular ions. We evaluated the EI‐LC‐MS with SMB system and demonstrated its effectiveness in NIST library sample identification which is complemented with the availability of enhanced molecular ions. The EI‐LC‐MS with SMB system is characterized by linear response of five orders of magnitude and uniform compound independent response including for non‐polar compounds. This feature improves sample quantitation that can be approximated without compound specific calibration. Cold EI, like EI, is free from ion suppression and/or enhancement effects (that plague ESI and/or APCI) which facilitate faster LC separation because full separation is not essential. The absence of ion suppression effects enables the exploration of fast flow injection MS‐MS as an alternative to lengthy LC‐MS analysis. These features are demonstrated in a few examples, and the analysis of the main ingredients of Cannabis on a few Cannabis flower extracts is demonstrated. Finally, the advantages of EI‐LC‐MS with SMB are listed and discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

α-羟基-β-对甲苯磺酰氨基羧酸甲酯的质谱研究

氨基酸是蛋白质的基本组成单元,在有机合成及生物代谢中都是十分重要的物质。特别是α-羟基-β-氨基酸是一些重要生物活性物质的结构单元,例如著名的抗癌药紫杉醇的侧链。本文讨论5个α-羟基-β-氨基酸衍生物在EI和MALDI-TOF条件下的质谱性质。     

Computer aided drug identification in toxicological analysis by means of EI and CI mass spectrometry

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Computer aided drug identification in toxicological analysis by means of EI and CI mass spectrometry

     

两种离子化技术气相色谱-串联质谱法测定青菜与草莓中3种有机锡类农药残留

采用电子轰击(EI)和正化学(PCI)两种电离源技术,建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定青菜和草莓中三环锡、三苯锡、苯丁锡农药残留的分析方法。样品经氢溴酸消解,丙酮-正己烷提取,经衍生后由Florisil固相萃取柱净化,分别采用EI和PCI两种电离源进行选择反应监测模式测定,采用基质匹配外标法定量。结果显示,在0.05~1.0 mg/L质量浓度范围内,3种有机锡农药呈良好线性,相关系数均大于0.998。两种方法中目标物的定量下限分别为0.019~0.042 mg/kg和0.009~0.042 mg/kg,均能满足国内外的限量要求。在0.05、0.10、0.20 mg/kg加标水平下,目标物的平均回收率为70.1%~93.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于10%。两种方法线性均较好,灵敏度较高,可用于水果蔬菜中有机锡农药的测定,且两种方法可实现互补,有助于提高定性和定量的可靠性。     

GC/MS-衍生化法分析无机阴离子

研究了应用电子轰击电离源气相色谱/质谱法测定水中无机阴离子NO3-和SCN-。采用五氟苄基溴首先将NO3-和SCN-衍生化生成可挥发性化合物,然后用GC/MS法进行测定,检出限为10mg·L-1。应用该方法对水中硝酸根和硫氰根离子进行测定,取得满意的结果。     

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) (also named Supersonic GC-MS) is based on GC and MS interface with SMBs and on the electron ionization (EI) of vibrationally cold analytes in the SMBs (cold EI) in a fly-through ion source. This ion source is inherently inert and further characterized by fast response and vacuum background filtration capability. The same ion source offers three modes of ionization including cold EI, classical EI and cluster chemical ionization (CI). Cold EI, as a main mode, provides enhanced molecular ions combined with an effective library sample identification, which is supplemented and complemented by a powerful isotope abundance analysis method and software. The range of low-volatility and thermally labile compounds amenable for analysis is significantly increased owing to the use of the contact-free, fly-through ion source and the ability to lower sample elution temperatures through the use of high column carrier gas flow rates. Effective, fast GC-MS is enabled particularly owing to the possible use of high column flow rates and improved system selectivity in view of the enhancement of the molecular ion. This fast GC-MS with SMB can be further improved via the added selectivity of MS-MS, which by itself benefits from the enhancement of the molecular ion, the most suitable parent ion for MS-MS. Supersonic GC-MS is characterized by low limits of detection (LOD), and its sensitivity is superior to that of standard GC-MS, particularly for samples that are hard for analysis. The GC separation of the Supersonic GC-MS can be improved with pulsed flow modulation (PFM) GC x GC-MS. Electron ionization LC-MS with SMB can also be combined with the Supersonic GC-MS, with fast and easy switching between these two modes of operation.     

3-辛基噻吩的质谱分析

共轭聚合物通常具有一些独特的物理性质,如高的电导率、电致发光、电致变色、非线性光学性质等。这类共轭聚合物包括聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚吡咯、聚对苯乙炔、聚对苯等。自英国剑桥大学的Burrougs等人[1]采用聚对苯乙炔成功地制备了第一个聚合物电致发光器件以来,对聚合物电致发光     

Coupling of high temperature glass capillary columns to a mass spectrometer. GC/MS analysis of metalloporphyrins from Julia Creek oil shale samples

This paper reports on the instrumental and experimental prerequisites of the combination of high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) with electron impact- (El) and chemical ionization (Cl) mass spectrometry (HTGC/EI/CIMS). It describes a newly developed high temperature GC/MS interface in detail and discusses the particular problems arising in HTGC/MS. The capabilities of the system are demonstrated by direct analyses of nickel- and vanadyl porphyrins, extracted from Julia Creek oil shale. The use of CI/NH₃ in the GC/MS analysis of metalloporphyrins is demonstrated for the first time.