STRUCTURAL DAMAGE MODEL OF UNSATURATED EXPANSIVE SOIL AND ITS APPLICATION IN MULTI-FIELD COUPLE ANALYSIS ON EXPANSIVE SOIL SLOPE

Focused on the sensitivity to climate change and the special mechanical characteristics of undisturbed expansive soil, an elastc-plastic damage constitutive model was proposed based on the mechanics of unsaturated soil and the mechanics of damage. Undisturbed expansive soil was considered as a compound of non-damaged part and damaged part. The behavior of the non-damaged part was described using non-linear constitutive model of unsaturated soil. The property of the damaged part was described using a damage evolution equation and two yield surfaces, i.e., loading yield (LY) and shear yield (SY). Furthermore, a consolidation model for unsaturated undisturbed expansive soil was established and a FEM program named UESEPDC was designed. Numerical analysis on solid-liquid-gas tri-phases and multi-field couple problem was conducted for four stages and fields of stress, displacement, pore water pressure, pore air pressure, water content, suction, and the damage region as well as plastic region in an expansive soil slope were obtained.     

苏州阳澄湖地区淤泥质粘土工程地质特性探讨

苏州阳澄湖周围的沼积湖积平原存在一种性质较为特殊的淤泥质粘土,其亲水性粘土矿物含量和液塑限指标均较高,但在天然状态下虽具一定的胀缩性却未达到膨胀土的标准,可是经过扰动压实后,随着干密度的增大和含水量的减少却表现出较强的胀缩性,即转变为“人工膨胀土”[1]。本文通过苏州阳澄湖东北方向某一级公路附近3个取土场土样的试验分析,探讨了此地区这种淤泥质粘土的特殊性,为以后的工程施工提供了科学依据。     

力学可以为农业现代化作贡献

农业现代化提出了许多与力学各个分支都有密切关系的问题．从农田耕作、农业物料性质、农产品烘干、水果和蔬菜生产、农业生物环境、节水灌溉、农业水土资源合理利用和作物生长等方面，介绍了有关的力学问题和目前的研究进展．     

Applicability of normal and shear stress cells embedded in cohesionless materials

A normal stress cell and a shear stress cell have been designed and tested under very varied conditions including permanent strain. Results pooled from nine different tests with the cells embedded in cohesionless materials (sand and wheat) showed that the coefficient of variation of the normal stress-cell sensitivity was 0.04, while it was 0.10 for the shear cell. The agreement between predicted and measured sensitivity was considered to be good for the normal stress cell and reasonably good for the shear stress cell. The shear cell showed a systematic dependence, within acceptable limits, of the total stress state in the surrounding material. A qualitative explanation of this phenomenon is given. Paper was presented at the SEM VI International Congress on Experimental Mechanics held in Portland, OR in June 6–10, 1988.     

The numerical analysis of water and solute movement in scale heterogeneous profiles

A computer based numerical method is presented for the analysis of water and solute movement in unsaturated heterogeneous porous materials. Such a method is necessary since, for those field studies where solute movement is of concern, the soil profiles under consideration are invariably heterogeneous. The numerical analysis is based on a general one-dimensional finite difference soil water flow model which includes a numerical technique combining the concepts of scale heterogeneity with an interpolative soil water hysteresis model. An explicit finite difference solute movement subroutine is incorporated into the unsaturated flow model to describe the transport of nonreactive solutes. A velocity dependent longitudinal dispersion coefficient is used in the solution of the hydrodynamic dispersion equation. The resulting hysteretic scale heterogeneous solute movement model permits the study of solute dynamics during infiltrating and redistribution in realistically complex spatially varying soil profiles. Results are presented for the leaching of both coarse grading to fine and fine grading to coarse sand profiles. Both vertical and horizontal profiles are studied using either a constant flux or a constant concentration input boundary condition. The four cases studied demonstrate the versatility of the numerical method and emphasise the substantial differences in transport behavior that can arise between heterogeneous and homogeneous profiles.Now with BHP Petroleum Pty. Ltd., GPO Box 1911R, Melbourne, Vic. 3001, Australia.     

水泥与生石灰处理吹填土对比试验研究

吹填土是由水力吹填形成的,颗粒很细,固结性能差,吹填以后要经过很长时间才能自然沉积固结,待表面形成硬壳后方可进行加固处理,因此,缩短沉积固结时间,使吹填土尽快地从泥浆状态转变为具有一定承载力的地基,是亟待解决的问题。在室内进行模拟加固方法的沉降柱试验,对吹填土加添固化剂以加速其沉积固结。固化剂主要选用水泥和生石灰,对两种添加方式的机理及固结效果进行详尽的分析和研究,初步找出加固效果产生差异的原因,从而揭示其固化机理,为吹填土地基的加固提供一种更加经济可行的方法。     

Numerical simulation of a fluid-saturated soil under a dynamically loaded pile

The behaviour of the soil under a dynamically loaded pile toe is studied. The soil is modelled as a fluid saturated porous continuum. The constitutive behaviour of the solid skeleton is described by the elasto-plastic model of Drücker-Prager. The wave propagation is simulated with a dynamical finite-element program.A two-phase model of soil gives useful information about effective stress and pore pressure in the soil. In saturated soil the main wave under the pile toe propagates more downards than in dry soil, due to the higher compressional stiffness in saturated soil. The plastic zone under the pile toe propagates with the velocity of the fast compressional wave. The pore fluid influences the plasticity strongly and can be expected to affect pile driving too.The distribution of effective stress and pore pressure under the pile toe depends on the permeability of the soil and cannot be calculated uniquely from a single-phase calculation. Therefore, a nonlinear soil cannot be modelled correctly as a conventional single-phase material.     

Improvement in the yield and quality of kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata Nees) under the sustainable production system

Andrographis paniculata Nees is an annual erect herb with wide medicinal and pharmacological applications due to the presence of andrographolide and other active chemical constituents. The large-scale cultivation of the kalmegh is not in practice. The aim of this study was to establish sustainable production systems of A. paniculata cv CIM-Megha with the application of different bioinoculants and chemical fertilisers. A. paniculata herb and andrographolide yield in the dried leaves was found to be highest (218% and 61.3%, respectively) in treatment T₃ (NPK+Bacillus sp.) compared with T₁ (control). The soil organic carbon, soil microbial respiration, soil enzymes activity and available nutrients improved significantly with combined application of bioinoculants and chemical fertilisers.     

粉末压片—X射线荧光光谱法测定土壤中的铜铅锌砷锑钴铬镍等重金属元素

采用粉末压片法制样,使用ZSX PrimusⅡ型X射线荧光光谱仪,对土壤样品中与生命健康和环境污染有直接影响的重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Co、Cr、Ni进行同时测定.选用土壤国家标准物质、以国家标准物质为基体自制校准物质绘制标准曲线,解决了相关标准不足的问题,拓宽了元素测定范围(10~20 000μg/g),重点探讨了As、Sb的测量条件.虽然As、Sb的检出限和准确测定下限较高,但对于土壤质量的评价有重要的参考意义.方法快速、简便、准确.     

元素分析仪测定土壤、沉积物样品碳氮含量的影响因素及数据校正

使用元素分析仪进行土壤、沉积物样品碳、氮含量检测时,样品前处理过程(烘干和酸化)、包样质量以及参考标准品等因素均会对检测结果造成影响.试验结果表明:酸化导致氮百分质量的测定结果降低2.6%~40.0%,碳百分质量的测定受包样质量的影响较大,使用的校正标准与被测样品越相似,校正结果越准确.