阶梯反射锥型高能激光能量计温度场控制技术

高能激光会造成吸收体材料表面的温度急剧升高甚至损坏,同时造成吸收体上长期存在较大的温度梯度,这给温度的准确测量造成了很大的难度,为解决上述问题,提出了一种阶梯状镀金反射锥和V型槽结构的吸收体,通过对镀金锥的设计将能量分配到吸收体各部分上,研究了V型槽的几种设计方法对温度场和表面温度的影响,研究表明通过对吸收体各部分的质量和V型槽的参数控制可以大幅降低吸收体各部分的温度梯度、吸收体表面温度和吸收体的平衡时间,从而提高高能激光能量计的激光损伤阈值,并降低温度准确测量难度和减少热损失,最终达到提高准确度的目的。     

共掺调剂离子Na+/Gd3+调控Eu∶ CaF2晶体的发光特性研究

采用多孔坩埚温度梯度法生长了0.6at; Eu∶ CaF2晶体和共掺0.6at; Eu,6.4at; Na∶ CaF2,0.6at; Eu,6.4at; Gd∶CaF2晶体.XRD测试表明晶体仍均表现为纯CaF2的立方相,共掺后吸收强度降低.以398 nm氙灯激发晶体材料,荧光光谱表明共掺调剂离子后可明显增加Eu2在424 nm处的发光强度,而Eu3的特征发射5 D0→7FJ(J=1,2,3,4)除了表现出半峰宽变大外,峰位和强度均无明显变化.0.6at; Eu,6.4at; Gd∶ CaF2表现出Eu3+的5 D2→7F3和5 D0→7F0特征发射峰,主要可能归因于共掺Gd3+后打破了非反演对称结构,R值(电、磁偶极跃迁比值)明显降低,提高了晶体格位结构的对称性.共掺Na+后在CIE色域坐标图上显示坐标由(0.303 7,0.142 5)可变为(0.204 3,0.062 6),对应从紫色到蓝色的色域调控.     

温度对Ib型和IIa型金刚石大单晶(100)表面特征的影响

本文在5.6 GPa, 1250–1340 ℃的条件下, 利用温度梯度法, 以FeNiMnCo 合金为触媒, 沿籽晶的(100)晶面成功合成了不同晶形的优质Ib型和IIa型金刚石大单晶. 利用激光拉曼附件显微镜, 分别对上述不同温度下合成的两类金刚石样品上表面(100)面的中心区域及棱角区域进行观察分析. 研究发现, Ib型和IIa型金刚石大单晶(100)晶面上从中心到棱角处黑色纹路的分布逐渐变黑变密集; 另外, 随着金刚石合成温度的升高, Ib型金刚石大单晶(100)面上黑色纹路由稀疏逐渐变稠密, 而IIa型金刚石大单晶的黑色纹路较为稀疏; Ib型金刚石大单晶的形貌特征表现为从低温晶体的不规则分布过渡到中温、高温晶体的典型树枝状分布. IIa型金刚石大单晶(100)面特征随温度变化规律与Ib型的类似. 这两类金刚石大单晶表面特征的差异可能是由于IIa 型金刚石具有比Ib型更小的生长速度和更少的氮含量. 最后, 对两类塔状金刚石大单晶进行拉曼光谱测试分析, 结果表明IIa型金刚石大单晶的品质较Ib型金刚石大单晶好.     

Steady thermocapillary-buoyant convection in a shallow annular pool. Part 1: Single layer fluid

This paper examines the steady thermocapillarybuoyant convection in a shallow annular pool subjected to a radial temperature gradient. A matched asymptotic theory is used to obtain the asymptotic solutions of the flow and thermal fields in the case of small aspect ratios,which is defined as the ratio of the layer thickness to the gap width. The flow domain is divided into the core region away from the cylinder walls and two end regions near each cylinder wall. Asymptotic solutions are obtained in the core region by solving the core and end flows separately and then joining them through matched asymptotic expansions. For the system of silicon melt,the asymptotic solutions are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It is found that the two kinds of solutions have a good agreement in the core region for a small aspect ratio. With the increase of aspect ratio,the applicability of the present asymptotic solutions decreases gradually.     

Dependence of Growing High-Quality Gem Diamonds on Growth Rates by Temperature Gradient Method

Using the temperature gradient method under high pressure and high temperature, we investigate the dependence of growing high-quality gem diamond crystals on the growth rates. It is found that the lower the growth rate of gem diamond crystals, the larger the temperature range of growing high-quality gem diamond crystals, and the easier the control of temperature. In particular, when growing gem diamonds under a very-low growth rate, the temperature range of growing high-quality gem diamonds can extend from a low-temperature pure {100} growth region to {100} {111} growth regions, and finally to a high-temperature only-{111}-growth region. When growing gem diamonds under a high growth rate, some metal inclusions in the growing diamonds always exist near the seeds, no matter whether the growth temperature is high or low. This result is not in agreement with the result of Sumitomo Electric Corporation in Japan.     

温度梯度法生长的Ce: YAlOZr3高温闪烁晶体的光谱分析

采用温度梯度法生长了熔体掺杂Ce浓度为1at%的YAlO3晶体，对于其吸收光谱、荧光光谱和x射线激发发射谱进行了表征分析.根据吸收光谱提出了一个色心模型，从而成功的解释了为什么刚生长出的晶体为粉红色，而分别经氢气和空气在1400℃退火后均能变为无色的现象和退火以后吸收光谱发生的显著变化.温度梯度法生长的Ce:YAP在330nm处存在着一定程度的自吸收和自激发.光致激发发射谱的发射主峰在368nm，而x射线激发发射谱的主发射峰红移至391nm，这表明在x射线激发下，晶体对发射光的自吸收将会减少.另外在x射线 关键词： 温度梯度法 Ce: YAP 色心 光谱     

Electron Temperature Gradient Driven Instability in High Beta Plasmas of a Sheared Slab

Neglecting the magnetic gradient drift effects, we derive a simplified version of the integral eigenvalue equations for perturbations of electrostatic potential, and the perpendicular and parallel components of magnetic vector potential in plasmas of sheared slab geometry. The electron temperature gradient (ETG) instability in high beta plasmas is studied with the equations and the corresponding computer code. The preliminary results indicate that the coupling to perturbation of the perpendicular component of the magnetic vector potential has strong destabilization effects on ETG instabilities in contrast to the stabilization effects from the coupling to that of the parallel component when the magnetic gradient drift is not taken into account.     

超流^3He的磁致喷泉效应

最近，来自日本东京大学的Yamaguchi A等，对自旋极化超流3^He的A1相，进行了喷泉效应实验研究．不过，实验者不是用温度梯度，而是用磁场梯度诱发喷泉压差．3^He原子不同于4^He，费米原子3^He要想凝聚到单一的最低能态，必须首先两两配对．液态3^He发生超流转变的温度只有几mK，并且依温度和压力超流体又被分为A，B和A1三个相。     

轴向约束梁柱在火灾引起温度沿截面不均匀分布条件下的大变形分析

火灾升温引起钢材强度和刚度降低,对温度沿截面分布不均匀的构件还将产生热弯曲,火灾下结构分析同时涉及几何非线性和材料非线性,无法求得解析解,只能通过数值方法求解.本文基于轴线可伸长梁理论,用勒让德多项式作为基函数逼近梁柱轴向和横向变形,根据平衡方程误差平方和最小的条件确定多项式系数的方法,分析了轴向约束钢柱在火灾引起的沿截面线性分布温度场下的受力和变形性能.考虑了温度梯度、轴向约束刚度比、荷载比、构件长度等参数的影响和升温条件下钢材的弹塑性性能的影响,该方法结果与解析结果和有限元分析结果吻合.研究表明,随着荷载比的增大构件的临界温度迅速降低,轴向约束刚度、温度梯度和构件长度仅影响构件的变形,对构件的临界温度影响较小.     

添加Fe(C5H5)2合成氢掺杂金刚石大单晶及其表征

在Ni₇₀Mn₂₅Co₅-C体系中添加含氢化合物Fe(C₅H₅)₂作为新型氢源, 利用温度梯度法, 在压力为5.5-6.0 GPa、温度为1280-1400 ℃的条件下, 成功合成出氢掺杂的宝石级金刚石大单晶. 通过傅里叶显微红外光谱发现, 随着Fe(C₅H₅)₂添加量的增加, 合成晶体中与氢相关的对应于sp³杂化C-H键的对称伸缩振动和反对称伸缩振动的红外特征峰2850和2920 cm^-1逐渐增强, 而晶体中氮含量却逐渐减少. 通过合成晶体的拉曼光谱分析发现, 金刚石的拉曼峰伴随Fe(C₅H₅)₂的添加向高频偏移, 这表明氢的进入在金刚石内部产生了压应力. 观察扫描电子显微镜图像发现, 在低含量Fe(C₅H₅)₂添加时晶体表面平滑, 而高含量添加时晶体表面缺陷增多, 且呈现出气孔状. 使用新的添加剂Fe(C₅H₅)₂作为氢源, 合成出含氢宝石级金刚石单晶, 丰富了金刚石单晶中对氢的研究内容, 也可为理解天然金刚石的形成机理提供帮助.