小分子亲水有机溶剂液-液萃取技术在分析化学中的应用进展

介绍了小分子亲水有机溶剂液-液萃取技术的基本原理、影响因素并对小分子亲水有机溶剂液-液萃取技术的发展前景进行了展望,引用文献20篇.     

气浮浮选分离富集-紫外分光光度法测定水中痕量强力霉素

水样中痕量的强力霉素(DXCC)用正丙醇及无水乙醇(4+1)作混合溶剂,从pH 8的溶液中进行气浮浮选使之分离并富集.加入氯化钠作为分相剂,加入铁(HI)使与DXCC反应生成憎水的络合物而浮选入有机相,在383 am波长处测定有机相的吸光度.吸光度与DXCC浓度在3.1×10-7～2.0×10-5mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为2.6×10-7mol·L-1,测定中采用自制的气浮浮选装置.应用所提出的方法分析了3种不同来源的水样,并以此样品作为基体用标准加入法对方法的回收率进行了测定,测得方法的平均回收率为99.7%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2.5%.     

耗散等熵气体动力学方程组广义Riemann问题

The paper concerns with generalized Riemann problem for isentropic flow with dissipation, and show that if the similarity solution to Riemann problem is composed of a backward centered rarefaction wave and a forward centered rarefaction wave, then general-ized Riemann problem admits a unique global solution on t ≥ 0. This solution is composed of backward centered wave and a forward centered wave with the origin as their center and then continuous for t>0.     

Tb3+,Yb3+共掺杂LuBO3荧光粉的下转换发光

利用水热法成功合成了近红外量子剪裁荧光粉LuBO3∶15;Tb3+,x; Yb3+(x=0,1,2,4,8,12).通过X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光谱(PL)、激发谱(PLE)和荧光寿命测试了合成物质的物相结构与发光性质.在286 nm(Tb3+∶7 F6→5D)紫外光激发下,观察到了Tb3∶5D4→7Fj(J=6,5,4,3)可见波段特征发射光和Yb3+:2F5/2→2F7/2的近红外光.研究了Yb3+浓度与激发发射光谱和荧光寿命之间的关系,表明Tb3+和Yb3+之间存在能量传递.当Tb3和Yb3+掺杂摩尔浓度分别为15;和2;时,近红外发射最强.计算得知,其最大下转换量子效率为160.74;.     

A first-principles study of B2 NiAl alloyed with rare earth element Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu

The structural, elastic, and electronic properties of NiAl alloyed with rare earth elements Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu are investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The study suggests that Pr, Pm, Sm, and Eu are all tend to be substituted for Al site. Ni₈Al₇Pm possesses the largest ductility. Only the hardness and ductility of Ni₈Al₇Eu are enhanced simultaneously. The covalency strength of Ni-Al bond in Ni₈Al₇Pm is higher than that in Ni₈Al₇Eu. The covalency strength of Al-Al bond and that of Ni-Ni bond in Ni₈Al₇Eu are higher than that in Ni₈Al₇Pm. Ni-Pm bond and Ni-Eu bond are covalent, and the covalency strength of Ni-Pm bond is greater. Al-Pm bond and Al-Eu bond show great covalency strength and ionicity, respectively.     

非稳态弹流润滑状态下滚动体-滚道摩擦副的动力特性研究

针对滚动体-滚道摩擦副,建立了点接触非稳态弹流润滑数学模型,利用FFT技术和半解析算法数值求解了接触体在自由振动过程中油膜压力和膜厚的变化,同时结合有阻尼系统的自由振动模型,给出了预测点接触摩擦副动力特性的方法,在较宽的载荷和速度范围内分析了接触副的等效刚度系数和阻尼系数的变化.结果表明：根据接触副的实际工作载荷和速度所确定的无量纲自然频率来进行非稳态弹流的计算所得到的膜厚结果更接近实验值;在接触体的振动过程中油膜的压力和厚度在平衡位置附近上下波动,且由于润滑油膜的作用接触体的振动幅值逐渐减小;刚度系数随载荷参数的增加而增加,随速度参数的增加而减小,而阻尼系数的变化规律较复杂,在不同的载荷和速度范围内呈现出不同的变化趋势.     

大变倍比光学被动半无热化变焦系统设计

针对传统变焦光学系统在环境温度变化的情况下,变焦全程无法一致清晰成像以及需频繁调焦的问题,提出了一种光学被动半无热化变焦系统设计方法,并设计了一种光学被动半无热化变焦系统.变焦系统的焦距为30～1000mm,工作波段为486～656 nm,光圈为F4.4～F8,短焦采用光学被动无热化设计.变焦系统的成像质量良好,结构非...     

NO在Ir(111)表面吸附与解离的第一性原理研究

本文系统研究了NO在Ir(111)表面的吸附,解离,以及可能的N_2生成机理.结果表明,顶位吸附的NO,其解离能垒较高(3.17 eV),不会发生解离,而三重Hcp和Fcc空位吸附的NO发生解离,能垒分别为1.23和1.28 eV.N_2是唯一的生成物,不会有副产物N_2O的产生.其最可能的反应路径为N和NO经过N_2O中间体而生成N_2,而不是直接N提取和N-N聚合产生N_2的机理.     

微波促进酸性离子液体催化水杨酸酯化

用自制的硫酸氢1-甲基-3-(3-磺酸基丙基)咪唑([MIMPS]HSO4)酸性离子液体作为水杨酸与醇的酯化反应催化剂,考察了温度、时间、物料配比和离子液体用量等因素对酯化反应的影响,优化的最佳反应条件为: 微波辐射时间20 min,反应温度95 ℃,醇与酸摩尔比3∶1(水杨酸的量为0.02 mol),[MIMPS]HSO4用量10 mmol,水杨酸甲酯的产率和选择性分别为91.9%和99.0%。 离子液体回收循环使用4次,催化效率不变。 与热催化酯化反应相比,微波辐射可缩短反应时间;水杨酸与不同碳链醇的酯化产率随着碳链的增加而降低,同碳链的伯醇酯化率比仲醇高。     

Community detection in signed networks based on discrete-time model

Community detection in signed networks has been studied widely in recent years. In this paper, a discrete difference equation is proposed to imitate the consistently changing phases of the nodes. During the interaction, each node will update its phase based on the difference equation. Each node has many different nodes connected with it, and these neighbors have different influences on it. The similarity between two nodes is applied to describe the influences between them. Nodes with high positive similarities will get together and nodes with negative similarities will be far away from each other.Communities are detected ultimately when the phases of the nodes are stable. Experiments on real world and synthetic signed networks show the efficiency of detection performance. Moreover, the presented method gains better detection performance than two existing good algorithms.