A2 BO4型类钙钛矿材料中非化学计量氧的分子模拟

A_2BO_4型类钙钛矿材料因其独特的物化性能,可应用于催化、固体氧化物燃料电池等领域。本文简要介绍了A_2BO_4型类钙钛矿材料的结构和非化学计量氧(δ)的研究方法,对材料的δ分子模拟研究进展进行了综述,重点介绍了材料非化学计量氧迁移、输运机制的分子模拟研究现状,包括未掺杂纯相、A位掺杂和B位掺杂A_2BO_4型类钙钛矿三类材料,同时也对该领域的发展趋势进行了展望。     

大气颗粒物中棕色碳的化学组成、来源和生成机制

大气颗粒物中棕色碳(BrC)在近紫外波段具有强吸光性,并因其显著的气候效应被广泛关注。BrC组成、来源、演变和光学性质的不确定性是造成气候模型估算气溶胶辐射强迫不确定性的重要因素。本文综述了大气颗粒物中BrC的化学组成、来源和生成机制,聚焦分子水平上BrC组成、二次生成机制和吸光间的关联。大气颗粒物中BrC的主要类别包括有机溶剂(甲醇)提取的碳质组分、水溶性有机碳及类腐殖质; 分子水平上,硝基芳香烃和含氮杂环有机物是BrC的主要发色团。BrC的来源包括生物质等不完全燃烧一次排放和挥发性有机物氧化二次生成; 二次生成途径主要包括人为源芳香烃氧化生成硝基芳香烃等含氮组分、羰基化合物与铵/胺反应生成含氮杂环组分或低聚物。前体物和反应条件影响二次生成BrC的组成和吸光性质; BrC在大气传输过程中还会发生“光漂白”现象。在分子水平上识别和阐明BrC的发色团、二次生成机制及其演变过程是未来该领域的重点研究方向。     

SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并AKI患者的预后价值分析

本文主要探究SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的预后价值。选取2017年1月~2019年1月本院脓毒症合并AKI患者50例作为观察组,并分为AKI 1、2、3期,将同期入院的50例脓毒症患者作为对照组,两组患者均采用SOFA评分联合超声进行预后评估。结果发现,观察组PDU评分低于对照组(P<0.05),RI值、SOFA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);不同分期的3组间的PDU评分、SOFA评分不同,随着AKI分期的增加,PDU评分降低、SOFA评分增加(P<0.05),但3组间的RI值并无不同(P>0.05);50例脓毒症合并AKI患者发生院内死亡率为44.00%。经单因素分析发现,年龄、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、AKI分期、脓毒症休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分为影响患者预后不佳的因素(P<0.05);AKI3期、发生脓毒性休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分是脓毒症合并AKI患者预后不佳的独立因素(P<0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)越大,对预后的预测效能越好,当AUC>70.00%时具有临床价值。两者联合显著高于单独应用SOFA评分(AUC=74.28%)或PDU评分(P<0.001)。上述结果说明,脓毒症合并AKI患者采用SOFA评分联合超声用于评估患者的预后,优于单独采用SOFA评分或超声,两者联合的预测价值更大。     

可拉伸超韧水凝胶的制备和应用

综述了可拉伸超韧水凝胶的设计原理及其在组织工程和柔性电子器件领域的应用. 通过将网络结构层次、 化学结构、 增韧机制与宏观力学性能相结合, 重点讨论了单网络水凝胶、 双网络水凝胶、 纳米复合水凝胶及其它水凝胶等可拉伸超韧水凝胶的研究进展, 并总结和展望了新思路和新方向.     

A new kind of nonlinear fractional-order chaotic phenomenon in coupled systems： coexistence of anti-phase and complete synchronization

In this paper, we have found a kind of interesting nonlinear phenomenon hybrid synchronization in linearly coupled fractional-order chaotic systems. This new synchronization mechanism, i.e., part of state variables are anti- phase synchronized and part completely synchronized, can be achieved using a single linear controller with only one drive variable. Based on the stability theory of the fractional-order system, we investigated the possible existence of this new synchronization mechanism. Moreover, a helpful theorem, serving as a determinant for the gain of the controller, is also presented. Solutions of coupled systems are obtained numerically by an improved Adams Bashforth-Moulton algorithm. To support our theoretical analysis, simulation results are given.     

Superconductivity and spin fluctuations

In the conventional superconductors, the Cooper pairs are mediated by phonons, which is a process where only the correlations between the phonons and the charge properties of the electrons are needed. However, superconductivity can also be derived from other types of elementary excitations. The spin fluctuations are arguably the most promising candidate that can mediate such unconventional superconductivity. In some of the important systems such as cuprates, Fe-based superconductors and heavy-fermion superconductors, spin fluctuations play a key role in the mechanism of their superconductivity although there are still many debates. In this paper, we will give a brief review on the correlation between the spin fluctuations and superconductivity.     

Studies on the mechanisms of powerful terahertz radiations from laser plasmas

A survey on the mechanisms of powerful terahertz (THz) radiation from laser plasmas is presented.Firstly,an analytical model is described,showing that a transverse net current formed in a plasma can be converted into THz radiations at the plasma oscillation frequency.This theory is applied to explain THz generation in a gas driven by two-color laser pulses.It is also applied to THz generation in a tenuous plasma driven by a chirped laser pulse,a few-cycle laser pulse,a DC/AC bias electric field.These are well verified by particle-in-cell simulations,demonstrating that THz radiations produced in these approaches are nearly single-cycles and linear polarized.In the chirped laser scheme and the few-cycle laser scheme,THz radiations with the peak field strength of tens of MV/cm and the peak power of gigawatt can be achieved with the incident laser intensity less than 10 17 W/cm 2.     

铝板带冷轧过程中磨损影响因素 及磨损作用机制研究

轧后铝材表面磨损量是影响铝材轧制过程的重要因素,脱落的铝粉恶化产品表面质量、影响轧制效率。本文选用不同的添加剂配制轧制油,对铝板材进行冷轧试验,重点研究添加剂种类、铝材原始表面质量、轧制压下率三方面对铝材表面磨损性能及磨损机制的影响。结果表明：双组分添加剂轧制油中油性剂在金属表面吸附成膜,犁削磨损现象较无润滑和纯基础油轧制有明显改善,轧后铝材表面磨损量小;轧件轧前表面粗糙度大,轧辊对轧件微凸体的碾压作用加剧,被碾压下来的大量铝粉成为轧辊和轧件外的“第三体”,造成磨粒磨损加剧;化学磨损和犁削磨损同时存在于轧制过程中,油膜厚度较大时,前者是主要磨损机制;反之,后者起主导作用。     

铁中Ⅰ型裂纹裂尖场与裂尖形变机制分析

应用有限元及连续介质力学计算了平面应交条件下体心立方铁中不同取向裂纹的裂尖应力场和弹性应变能密度分布,从宏微观相结合角度分析了裂尖场分布与裂尖微结构演化的相互关联.指出裂尖塑性变形的具体形式与裂尖滑移面上分切应力的大小密切相关,并从能量角度解释了裂尖相变产生的原因,最后结合相关分子动力学研究成果探讨了裂尖奇异性区域.