夹心式压电换能器的谐振频率跟踪方案设计

分析了夹心式压电换能器的阻抗特性,讨论了基于相位方式的现有跟踪方案的不足,提出了一种新的频率跟踪方案,介绍了实现该方案的电路系统。该方案的特点是:采用先扫频后跟踪的策略,解决了频率范围设定难的问题;增加解锁控制,使得系统在死锁或误跟踪时自动回到频率搜索状态;采用直接数字合成器(DDS)作为频率调整和信号产生的器件,实现了全数字系统,调整方便,精度高;采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)做相位比较和DDS控制,使频率跟踪速度快,并且跟踪精度和速度均可控制。     

一种拓宽凸球面压电换能器指向性的方法

利用有限元和边界元耦合的方法对涂环氧树脂后的压电陶瓷凸球面换能器进行了指向性仿真计算,发现这种形式的换能器具有较宽的指向性开角。实验测量结果证明了上述结论。     

Piezoelectric transducer parameter selection for exciting a single mode from multiple modes of Lamb waves

Excitation and propagation of Lamb waves by using rectangular and circular piezoelectric transducers surface-bonded to an isotropic plate are investigated in this work. Analytical stain wave solutions are derived for the two transducer shapes, giving the responses of these transducers in Lamb wave fields. The analytical study is supported by a numerical simulation using the finite element method. Symmetric and antisymmetric components in the wave propagation responses are inspected in detail with respect to test parameters such as the transducer geometry, the length and the excitation frequency. By placing only one piezoelectric transducer on the top or the bottom surface of the plate and weakening the strength of one mode while enhancing the strength of the other modes to find the centre frequency, with which the peak wave amplitude ratio between the S0 and A0 modes is maximum, a single mode excitation from the multiple modes of the Lamb waves can be achieved approximately. Experimental data are presented to show the validity of the analyses. The results are used to optimize the Lamb wave detection system.     

径向极化压电陶瓷长圆管复合超声换能器的径向振动

提出了一种圆管式径向复合压电陶瓷换能器,并对其径向振动特性进行了分析。该换能器由径向极化的压电陶瓷圆管以及金属外圆管组成。利用解析法得出了金属圆管以及具有任意壁厚的径向极化压电陶瓷圆管径向振动的机电等效电路。基于金属圆管与压电圆管的机械边界条件,得出了换能器的六端机电等效电路。在此基础上得出了换能器共振及反共振频率方程的解析表达式,给出了换能器的共振及反共振频率与其几何尺寸之间的依赖关系。利用数值方法对换能器的径向振动特性进行了模拟及仿真,并与解析结果进行了比较。最后,设计并加工了一些径向复合管式压电陶瓷换能器,利用精密阻抗分析仪对其共振及反共振频率进行了实验测试。研究结果表明,利用解析理论得出的换能器共振及反共振频率与数值模拟结果以及实验测试结果符合很好。      

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AXIALLY-SYMMETRICAL ANNULAR CORRUGATED SHELL PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS

The coupled extensional and flexural vibrations of an annular corrugated shell piezoelectric transducer consisting of multiple circularly-annular surfaces smoothly connected along the interfaces were investigated in the paper. Only a time-harmonic voltage is applied across two electrodes of the piezoelectric shell as the external loading. A theoretical solution was obtained using the classical shell theory. Based on the solution, basic vibration characteristics of resonant frequencies, mode shapes were calculated and examined.     

ACOUSTICAL TRANSMISSION LINE MODEL FOR ULTRASONIC TRANSDUCERS FOR WIDE-BANDWIDTH APPLICATION

An improved model for ultrasonic transducers is proposed.By considering only the first symmetric mode,each layer is represented as an acoustical transmission line in modeling of bulk wave transducers.In imaging applications,wide bandwidth and short time duration are required.The approach we have used consists of impedance matching the front face of the piezoelectric transducer to the propagating medium with a quarter wavelength impedance matching layer and inserting an unmatching quarter wavelength acoustical layer between the rear face and backing material.A heavy backing would degrade the wide-band phenomena,but show a time duration shorter than 0.5 μs for imaging applications.PSPICE code of the controlled source model is implemented to precisely predict the performance of the matched transducers such as impedance,insertion loss,bandwidth and duration of the impulse response.Good agreement between the simulation and experimental results has been achieved.     

压电式摆动圆柱形偶极发射换能器优化研究

为了实现偶极信号有效辐射,获得足够高的信噪比,全面分析弯曲波频散,本文提出了一种新型的频带范围为0.5–5 k Hz的压电式摆动圆柱形偶极声波测井换能器,并采用有限元方法对其进行了模拟和优化设计。此外,论文还对换能器进行了实验样机制作和实验测量,将实验测量与数值模拟结果进行了对比。研究表明,提出的新型偶极声波换能器比传统换能器具有更高的发射灵敏度,尤其是在低频响应范围。本文为新型偶极声波测井换能器的研发工作奠定了基础。     

铁镓单晶Janus-Helmholtz换能器

针对深水、低频、宽带换能器的技术需求,结合Janus-Helmholtz换能器的结构特点和铁镓单晶材料低场应变大及机械强度高的特性,提出了铁镓单晶Janus-Helmholtz换能器设计方案。采用永磁偏磁场和环形闭合磁路,建立了一系列铁镓单晶磁致伸缩换能器理论分析模型,包括对磁致伸缩材料参数进行线性化处理,设计了换能器最佳工作点,结合静态磁场和动态磁场分布情况分段细化换能器驱动等效参数,以及利用全阻抗模型通过电感损耗等效计算换能器静态阻抗,然后通过二维有限元分析等效模型,优化分析了换能器的结构参数与电声性能。最后制作了换能器样机,并进行了测试与分析。对比仿真和测试结果表明:全阻抗模型得到的阻抗曲线与样机测试结果相一致,有限元等效模型计算的发送电流响应与样机测试结果良好吻合。换能器样机水中谐振基频为1000 Hz,谐振频率下发送电流响应176.4 dB;在875～2300 Hz频率范围内,发送电流响应起伏不大于6 dB;增加驱动电流有效值到16.2 A,最大声源级可以达到196.2 dB。     

利用换能器电信号相位特征实时监测高强度聚焦超声治疗中的声空化

高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)激发的声空化可加速靶组织的热消融,但声空化的实时监测是一个亟需解决的问题。利用HIFU换能器驱动电信号的相位差与电阻抗之间的数学模型,建立了HIFU辐照及换能器驱动电信号、声空化信号实时检测实验系统,探究了HIFU辐照离体牛心组织过程中,换能器驱动电信号的相位差与B超影像灰度变化及宽频水听器检测到的次谐波和宽带噪声信号的变化规律。结果表明:当声空化发生时,换能器驱动电信号相位差的变化与水听器检测到的次谐波和宽带噪声信号变化具有一致性,通过相位差的变化可实现HIFU辐照靶组织中声空化的实时、精准监测,这为HIFU所致声空化的实时监测提供了一种有应用前景的解决方案。     

经颅超声刺激人脑海马的数值仿真研究

颞叶癫痫、阿尔兹海默症等神经系统疾病与大脑海马的异常放电相关。近年兴起的经颅超声刺激治疗脑疾病具有无创、能深入脑组织和可调控海马神经元放电的特点。该文基于128阵元相控阵换能器、人头颅CT数据、水体建立超声经颅刺激海马数值仿真模型,数值仿真优选适应于海马刺激的换能器结构参数,并结合电容模型,探究超声声学参数对海马神经元放电的影响。结果表明曲率半径90 mm、开口半径56 mm、阵元半径2.0 mm、频率0.9 MHz的128阵元相控超声换能器可形成适应于刺激人脑海马大小的焦域;且在超声频率为0.9 MHz时对海马神经元放电有较好的抑制作用;在较小的占空比和较低的空间峰值时间平均声强条件下对神经元放电有较好的抑制作用。