石油烃污染紫色土的可见-近红外光谱特征及其含量估算研究

高光谱遥感技术是一种有效的监测石油类污染手段,目前主要应用于海上溢油方面,而关于土壤石油烃污染的研究较少。针对土壤石油烃污染研究不足的现状,选取柴油、汽油和机油三种石油烃,开展了石油烃污染紫色土的光谱特征实验研究,分析了紫色土在不同种类石油烃污染及不同污染浓度条件下的光谱特征,提取了含有不同种类石油烃的紫色土光谱吸收特征波段。在此基础上,经过7种光谱变换和相关性分析,筛选出与石油烃含量最敏感的光谱变量,分别采用单变量回归法和多元逐步线性回归法建立了估算模型,并对模型进行了验证。研究表明：含有柴油、机油和汽油的光谱在1 200,1 700和2 300 nm附近均出现了吸收特征,光谱吸收深度表现为：机油>汽油>柴油;多元逐步线性回归法优于单变量回归法,其建立的柴油、机油和汽油的估算模型决定系数均大于0.95,校正均方根误差小于0.47,验证均方根误差小于0.56,估算精度较高。     

Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectrometer

Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea are carried out by using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectroscopy(THz-TDS) system.A voice coil motor stage based optical delay line(VCM-ODL) is developed to provide a rather simple and robust structure with both the high scanning speed and the large delay length.The developed system is used for THz spectroscopic measurements and imaging of the corneal tissue with different amounts of water content,and the measurement results show the consistence with the reported results,in which the measurement time using VCM-ODL is a factor of 360 shorter than the traditional motorized optical delay line(MDL).With reducing the water content a monotonic decrease of the complex permittivity of the cornea is observed.The two-term Debye relaxation model is employed to explain our experimental results,revealing that the fast relaxation time of a dehydrated cornea is much larger than that of a hydrated cornea and its dielectric behavior can be affected by the presence of the biological macromolecules.These results demonstrate that our THz spectrometer may be a promising candidate for tissue hydration sensing and practical application of THz technology.     

格尔木渣油加氢反应及生焦行为的研究

选用超低沥青质含量的格尔木渣油（沥青质质量分数：0.32%）作为加氢原料,考察反应条件对加氢反应样品组分性质、胶体稳定性参数（CSP）、生焦性能的影响。结果表明,随着加氢反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长,沥青质和饱和分的含量增加,胶质和芳香分的含量减少;胶体稳定性参数降低,生焦率不断增加;胶质与沥青质的缩合度增加,芳碳率f_A不断增大;金属与杂原子在加氢过程中不断得到脱除,V比Ni更容易脱除、S比N更容易脱除;催化剂表面形成了类似石墨有序结构的炭基物质,使得催化剂的孔结构参数不断减小。在所研究的反应中,当反应温度和时间分别为420℃和5 h时,催化剂的孔结构损害最为严重,出现了较大的微孔分布。     

High-Repetition-Rate and High-Beam-Quality Laser Pulses with 1.5 MW Peak Power Generation from a Two-Stage Nd:YVO_4 Amplifier

We develop a two-stage end-pumped Nd:YVO_4 amplifier seeded by a passively Q-switched microchip laser. An average output power of 13.5 W with repetition rate up to 7 kHz and pulse duration of ～1.24 ns is obtained,corresponding to a pump extraction efficiency of 16.1%(19.5% for the second stage) and peak power of ～1.5 MW.The beam quality factors at maximum output power are measured to be M_x~2= 1.56 and M_y~2= 1.48. We introduce an analytical model to estimate gain and beam quality after amplification. This model focuses on the influence of ratio of seed spot radius to pump spot radius when designing an amplifier. Moreover, our experiments reveal that the re-imaging system in the double-pass configuration can be used to enhance the beam quality.     

微槽道热管阵列散热器的传热性能实验研究

本文介绍了平板微热管阵列散热的工作原理,制作了U型微槽道热管阵列散热器,通过与无微槽道热管阵列散热器传热性能的实验对比,在平板微热管阵列、与水平面夹角为45°的微槽道热管阵列和U型微槽道热管阵列热通量及均温性的测试基础上,得到在蒸发段温度≤58℃时,U型平板微槽道热管具有良好的传热性能,在热流密度≥72 W/cm~2的情况下,弯折角度越小,传热性能越好。实验表明:U型微槽道平板热管阵列具有良好的均温性、热响应性及传热性能;微槽道能强化热管阵列的传热效果;在一定热流密度下,弯折角度越小,传热性能越好。     

预制破片侵彻均质装甲钢的极限穿透速度

通过对预制破片侵彻均质装甲钢的过程进行受力分析,推导预制破片极限穿透速度的计算公式,分别对3种形状规则预制破片的极限穿透速度进行理论计算,并通过实弹驱动试验和弹道枪模拟复核试验测得极限穿透速度与理论计算结果相对比,得出理论计算结果与试验结果的误差,通过数据分析处理给出计算公式的修正系数。     

Tunable,continuous-wave single-resonant optical parametric oscillator with output coupling for resonant wave

We present a continuous-wave singly-resonant optical parametric oscillator with 1.5% output coupling of the resonant signal wave, based on an angle-polished Mg O-doped periodically poled lithium niobate(Mg O:PPLN), pumped by a commercial Nd:YVO4laser at 1064 nm. The output-coupled optical parametric oscillator delivers a maximum total output power of 4.19 W with 42.8% extraction efficiency, across a tuning range of 1717 nm in the near- and mid-infrared region.This indicates improvements of 1.87 W in output power, 19.1% in extraction efficiency and 213 nm in tuning range extension in comparison with the optical parametric oscillator with no output coupling, while at the expense of increasing the oscillation threshold by a factor of ～ 2. Moreover, it is confirmed that the finite output coupling also contributes to the reduction of the thermal effects in crystal.     

电活性可生物降解纳米复合材料PAP/op-HA/PLGA的制备及成骨活性

以苯胺五聚体与聚乳酸（PLA）的三嵌段共聚物（PAP）与表面接枝低聚乳酸的纳米羟基磷灰石（op-HA）和聚丙交酯-乙交酯（PLGA）的复合物共混,制备的电活性可降解纳米复合材料PAP/op-HA/PLGA为研究对象,采用紫外可见光谱、循环伏安扫描和标准四探针法分析其电化学特性及电导率。ESEM观察其膜表面形貌,接触角评价其亲水性。通过在材料膜表面接种兔成骨细胞进行体外培养,采用荧光染色、NIH Image J图像分析和Real-time PCR综合评价细胞在材料表面的粘附、扩展（细胞面积比）和成骨相关基因的表达水平,以此评价新型电活性纳米复合骨修复材料PAP/op-HA/PLGA的表面性质和生物活性。结果表明,PAP/op-HA/PLGA的电导率较低（~5?10?6 S/cm）但具有良好的电化学氧化还原性能,PAP含量为0.1%时材料的亲水性明显改善,成骨细胞的粘附和扩展明显增强。培养7天时骨形态蛋白- 2（BMP-2）和骨连接蛋白（Osteonectin）的基因表达水平明显提高,而对Ⅰ型胶原蛋白的基因表达没有明显影响。提示PAP/op-HA/PLGA具有良好的细胞相容性和成骨活性。     

自适应SVD-UKF算法及在组合导航的应用

提出一种新的自适应奇异值分解Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法.该算法利用自适应因子平衡动力学模型信息与观测信息的权比,控制动力学模型误差对导航参数解的影响.用奇异值分解阵(SVD)的迭代计算代替协方差矩阵的迭代变换,提高了协方差矩阵的数值稳定性.将新算法应用于组合导航系统进行计算仿真,结果证明,新算法具有良好的鲁棒性,能有效改善滤波性能,提高组合导航系统的精度.     

拟除虫菊酯类农药的NMR研究——Ⅱ.拟除虫菊酯类中酯键部分构象的NMR研究

利用¹H-NMR中羰基的ASIS值在羰基周围不同的区域符号分布的经验规律,研究了一系列拟除虫菊酯化合物羰基酯键部分的构象,指出在具有α-氰基的菊酯分子中,其溶液态构象是α-氰基与酯羰基共平面的构象,而在个有α-甲基的菊酯分子中,溶液态构象是α-氢原子与酯羰基共平面的构象.本实验结果支持了Hopfinger等人用分子力学方法计算的结果,从而肯定了氰基取代的菊酯分子在溶液态下的构象与在晶体中构象的不同.