Ultrafast Excited State Dynamics of t~rans-4-Aminoazobenzene Studied by Femtosecond Transient Absorption Spectroscopy

The ultrafast excited state dynamics of trans-4-aminoazobenzene （trans-4-AAB） in ethanol was investigated by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. After being excited to the S2 state by 400 nm, trans-4-AAB decays from the S2 state to the hot S1 state by internal conversion with time constant of -70 fs. The photoisomerization through inversion mechanism on the S1 potential energy surface and the internal conversion from the S1 state to the hot So state are observed, respectively. The average timescale of these two decay pathways is -0.7 ps. And the vibrational cooling of the hot So state of cis- and trans-4- AAB occur with time constants of -4 and N13 ps, respectively. Furthermore, the ultrafast intersystem crossing process are also observed. The timescale of intersystem crossing from the S2 state to the T4 state is about 480 ps while from the S1 state to the T2 state is -180 ps.     

MARKOV SKELETON PROCESS IN PERT NETWORKS

In this article, we investigate Programming Evaluation and Review Technique networks with independently and generally distributed activity durations. For any path in this network, we select all the activities related to this path such that the completion time of the sub-network （only consisting of all the related activities） is equal to the completion time of this path. We use the elapsed time as the supplementary variables and model this sub-network as a Markov skeleton process, the state space is related to the subnetwork structure. Then use the backward equation to compute the distribution of the sub-network＇s completion time, which is an important rule in project management and scheduling.     

物价、利率与收入对居民消费需求影响研究——基于时变参数状态空间模型

运用时变参数状态空间模型对我国改革开放三十年来物价、利率与收入对农村和城镇居民消费需求影响的动态特征进行了研究。发现物价、收入对农村和城镇居民的消费需求弹性不同,农村消费需求受收入影响较大,而城市居民消费需求受物价影响较大;利率对农村和城镇居民消费需求影响不显著,利率机制目前还不是调解中国消费需求的理想工具。在此基础上给出了相应的政策建议。     

水合状态的无定形氧化铁用作高效水氧化催化剂

由于传统化石燃料的不可再生性和使用过程中对环境的污染,近年通过太阳光驱动催化水分解制备氢气或CO_2还原制备甲醇等高能化学燃料是人工光合作用制备太阳能燃料领域的研究重点.水的氧化反应是制备太阳能燃料的重要半反应,为质子或CO_2的还原提供必需的质子和电子,开发基于非贵金属氧化物的高效水氧化催化剂是人工光合作用制备太阳能燃料的重要挑战之一.最近我们课题组的研究发现,无定形氧化钴作为水氧化催化剂时,其本征活性比结晶态的高出一个数量级.与氧化钴催化剂相比,铁基氧化物作为水氧化催化剂具有许多优点,比如成本低、环境友好、对动植物不产生生理毒性.基于此,本文探索了开发制备具有高催化活性的铁基氧化物作为水氧化催化剂.结果发现,氧化铁水氧化催化剂活性不但受其结晶度影响,还与其水合状态密切相关.水合氧化铁在进行室温真空干燥脱水处理后,在Ru(bpy)3~(2+)-Na_2S_2O_8光催化水氧化体系中,其催化水氧化活性降低了一个数量级.热重分析、XRD和拉曼测试等结果表明,室温下进行脱水处理后,氧化铁基本不含有水分子的信号,其体相结构没有发生显著的变化. XRD和拉曼结果表明,催化水氧化测试后回收的氧化铁催化剂结构没有发生改变,表明该水合状态的氧化铁是水氧化过程中真实的催化剂成分,并不是充当前驱体的角色.基于此,我们进一步制备了尺寸较小且为水合状态的无定形氧化铁纳米粒子,后者在Ru(bpy)_3~(2+)-Na_2S_2O_8光催化水氧化体系中显示出极高的催化活性, TOF值高达9.3 s~(-1),基于产生的氧气分子计算的光催化量子效率达到67%.该尺寸较小的水合状态氧化铁纳米粒子还可以有效地负载在SiO_2表面进行催化水氧化反应,循环测试结果表明,负载的水合状态氧化铁纳米粒子连续进行三个催化水氧化循环测试,其活性未明显衰减,显示了较高的稳定性.该结果表明,未来设计铁基氧化物作为高活性的水氧化催化剂时,需要特别考虑其水合状态.     

A new solvent suppression method via radiation damping effect

Radiation damping effects induced by the dominated solvent in a solution sample can be applied to suppress the solvent signal. The precession pathway and rate back to equilibrium state between solute and solvent spins are different under radiation damping. In this paper, a series of pulse sequences using radiation damping were designed for the solvent suppression in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compared to the WATERGATE method, the solute signals adjacent to the solvent would not be influenced by using the radiation damping method. The one-dimensional (1D) ¹H NMR, two-dimensional (2D) gCOSY, and J-resolved experimental results show the practicability of solvent suppression via radiation damping effects in 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.     

Evolution of a two-mode squeezed vacuum in the amplitude dissipative channel

For the first time we derive the dissipating result of an initial two-mode squeezed pure vacuum state passing through a two-mode amplitude dissipative channel described by the direct product of two independent single-mode master equations. Although these two master equations do not mix the two modes (there is no coupling between them), since the two-mode squeezed state is simultaneously an entangled state, the final state which emerges from passing this channel is a two-mode mixed density operator. The compact expression of the outcoming state is obtained, which manifestly shows that as time evolves, the squeezing effect decreases.     

High entanglement generation and high fidelity quantum state transfer in a non-Markovian environment

This paper analyses a system of two independent qubits off-resonantly coupled to a common non-Markovian reservoir at zero temperature. Compared with the results in Markovian reservoirs, we find that much higher values of entanglement can be obtained for an initially factorized state of the two-qubit system. The maximal value of the entanglement increases as the detuning grows. Moreover, the entanglement induced by non-Markovian environments is more robust against the asymmetrical couplings between the two qubits and the reservoir. Based on this system, we also show that quantum state transfer can be implemented for arbitrary input states with high fidelity in the non-Markovian regime rather than the Markovian case in which only some particular input states can be successfully transferred.     

Using a quantum dot system to realize perfect state transfer

There are some disadvantages to Nikolopoulos et al.'s protocol [Nikolopoulos G M, Petrosyan D and Lambropoulos P 2004 Europhys. Lett. 65 297] where a quantum dot system is used to realize quantum communication. To overcome these disadvantages, we propose a protocol that uses a quantum dot array to construct a four-qubit spin chain to realize perfect quantum state transfer (PQST). First, we calculate the interaction relation for PQST in the spin chain. Second, we review the interaction between the quantum dots in the Heitler-London approach. Third, we present a detailed program for designing the proper parameters of a quantum dot array to realize PQST.     

Optimal approach to rotational state reconstruction of linear molecules

We present a simulation for the reconstruction of the rotational quantum state of linear molecules to retrieve the density matrix. An optimal approach in the sense of minimal error limit is proposed, in which a variable set of angular frequency is properly chosen and the least square inversion is then applied. This approach of reconstruction from time-dependent molecular-axis angular distribution is proved adaptable for various object states, which has a good numerical stability independent of the selected rotational space.