基于BiOCl-Fe2O3@TiO2介孔复合材料的光电化学合成氨性能研究

传统合成氨工艺存在能耗高、污染严重的问题. 因此, 高效、低能耗绿色合成氨工艺的开发迫在眉睫. 光电化学以H₂O和N₂为原料, 可以在太阳光驱动下, 在常温常压条件下实现氨的合成, 因而受到广泛重视. 但总的来说, 效率和产率都达不到实际要求. 新型高效催化剂及工艺的开发是提高合成氨产率及效率的关键. 非贵金属催化剂具备成本低、来源广泛、可操作性强的优势, 有利于光电化学合成氨的产业化. 本实验采用溶胶凝胶结合原位热裂解的方法制备了分散性好、结构均匀的BiOCl-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂复合材料, 对其物相、微观结构、表面状态、光学性能、电学性能等方面进行了系统表征, 并探究了该材料在常温常压下光电化学合成氨的催化活性. 结果表明, 同纯介孔TiO₂相比_, BiOCl-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂的吸收带隙变窄, 可见光吸收能力增强, 光生载流子的利用率增加, 光电合成氨的产率提升了7倍, 且BiOCl-Fe₂O₃@TiO₂显示了优异的化学稳定性. 本研究工作为绿色合成氨催化材料及工艺设计提供了新思路.     

Metallaphotoredox⁃Catalyzed O⁃Arylation of Serine北大核心CSCD

A metallaphotoredox catalyzed hydroxyl aromatization of serine is developed to achieve rapid synthesis of aryl ethers of various serine derivatives. Under the catalytic system of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether nickel bromide （NiBr2 （dme））/4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine/zinc powder and synergistic iridium photoredox catalysis, nickel is catalyzed and inserted into the C—Br bond, and then followed by transmetalation with the hydroxyl group of serine. The resulting Ni（Ⅱ）species are oxidized by the excited Ir（Ⅲ）species to a Ni（Ⅲ）intermediate. This intermediate is unstable and reductive elimination takes place rapidly to give the target product O-arylated serine in the yields from 65% to 39%. Through a metallaphotoredox catalysis strategy,the reaction features mild,efficient,clean and broad scope of substrate, providing a new way for the synthesis of various serine derivatives with medicinal value. © 2022, Science Press (China). All rights reserved.     

应用于染料敏化太阳能电池的基于染料R6的含有不同吸电子基团的有机染料的理论研究

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most promising alternatives to traditional fossil energy because of their advantages of low production cost, facile structure, relatively low environmental impact, relatively high photoelectronic absorption efficiency, and overall high efficiency. In addition, several studies on sensitizers as vital components have been conducted over the last three decades. Compared to metal dyes, metal-free organic dyes have been considered as promising candidates because of their simple fabrication, multiple structures, high molar absorption coefficients, easily tunable properties, and environmental friendliness. In this study, we systematically investigated the optoelectronic properties of six metal-free organic donor-acceptor dyes (RD1–6) derived from the known dye R6 by using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods. Cell performance parameters were discussed, including the geometrical and electronic structures, absorption spectrum, adsorption energy, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) curve, predictive short circuit current density (J_sc^Pred.), predictive open circuit voltage (V_oc^Pred.), and theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE). Results revealed that all the designed dyes exhibited high theoretical PCE. In particular, dyes RD1, 2, and 4–6 showed greater conjugations, and dyes RD1–3 had smaller energy gaps than those of the reference dye. In addition, dyes RD1–3, 5, and 6 exhibited better light harvesting capacities that covered the entire visible region and extended to the near-infrared region with obviously red-shift maximum absorption wavelengths (λ_max), wider LHE curves, and higher J_sc^Pred. as compared to the reference dye. It was critical that dyes RD1 and 2 not only have greater conjugations and narrow band gaps but also good light harvesting capacities with more than 56-nm red-shift maximum absorption wavelengths and broadened LHE curves than those of the reference dye. Notably, mainly because of an average increment of 12.0% of J_sc^Pred., a remarkable increment of the theoretical power conversion efficiency was observed from 12.6% for dye R6 to 14.1% for dyes RD1 and 2. Thus, dyes RD1 and 2 exhibited superior cell performances and could be promising sensitizer candidates for highly efficient DSSCs. These results could be used to guide effective synthetic efforts in the discovery of efficient metal-free organic dye sensitizers in DSSCs.     

基于光纤智能夹层传感结构的应力测量研究

制作了一种模块化的光纤传感夹层,对夹层内的光纤传感器的应力特性进行了实验研究。分析了应变对传感系数的影响,对埋入到光纤智能夹层中的两种光纤传感器的输出特性进行了比较。实验结果表明:光纤Bragg光栅传感器的波长漂移与应变之间具有理想的线性关系,但应变灵敏度由1.2pm/με降至1.15pm/με;由于制作工艺的局限,对于非本征F-P光纤传感器,当应变达到350με后,应变与载荷具有较好的线性响应。与非本征F-P光纤传感器相比,光纤Bragg光栅传感器是光纤智能夹层首选的应变传感器。将埋入了Bragg光栅传感器的智能夹层粘贴于某型飞机的翼-身连接构件内部进行监测,实验结果为光纤智能夹层应用于复合材料结构的应变监测提供了参考。     

双材料界面应力分析的局部杂交法

本文用云纹干涉法测取双材料高梁受集中载荷时沿ｘ，ｙ轴的位移场ｕ，ｖ．以其作为界面局部微区的边界条件，用有限元计算此微区内界面上的应力分量．与光弹性及全梁有限元法比较，发现局部杂交法的精度最高．     

数字图象测量系统灵敏度分析

在目前常规图象分辨率基础上，对数字图象相关测量方法的灵敏度进行分析，给出了位移和应变测量的灵敏度，并讨论了影响灵敏度的有关因素，进而指出，数字图象测量系统特别适合于各种位移场的大变形场的定量测量，在配制了相应的光学观察仪器后。也基本适合一般变形场的测量。     

沟槽对建筑物减震作用的动光弹研究

本文用动光弹方法实验研究了沟槽对爆炸地震波的衰减作用和对建筑物的保护作用分析表明:在模型实验条件下,当槽深大于20mm时,地震波的大部分能量被槽挡住,地震波对槽后的建筑物影响甚小,当槽深小于15mm时,槽与建筑物之间应力场较强,临界深度在15～20mm左右,这一深度大约是爆生瑞利波波峰深度的3～4倍。槽宽度对地震波衰减作用不大。     

数字图象处理技术在碎片杀伤战斗部试验诊断中的应用

本文提出的数字图象处理技术,可用于测量爆炸金属碎片的质量和碎片质心的空间位置。它采用的原始图象由闪光X光照相获得。初步实验结果表明,这项技术是可行的。     

复杂三维结构物的光弹性实验研究

应用光弹性原理和方法，根据有关相似原理，对研究对象的几何尺寸进行缩比、模型设计及加工成型．然后将模型在危险载荷作用下，进行应力冻结、切片及应力分析．确定了模型不同截面上的应力及其变化规律，为优化设计和调整数值计算方法提供了有价值的依据．