Estimation of biophysical properties of cell exposed to electric field

Excitable media,such as cells,can be polarized and magnetized in the presence of an external electromagnetic field.In fact,distinct geometric deformation can be induced by the external electromagnetic field,and also the capacitance of the membrane of cell can be changed to pump the field energy.Furthermore,the distribution of ion concentration inside and outside the cell can also be greatly adjusted.Based on the theory of bio-electromagnetism,the distribution of field energy and intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations in a single shell cell can be estimated in the case with or without external electric field.Also,the dependence of shape of cell on the applied electronic field is calculated.From the viewpoint of physics,the involvement of external electric field will change the gradient distribution of field energy blocked by the membrane.And the intracellular and extracellular ion concentration show a certain difference in generating timevarying membrane potential in the presence of electric field.When a constant electric field is applied to the cell,distinct geometric deformation is induced,and the cell triggers a transition from prolate to spherical and then to oblate ellipsoid shape.It is found that the critical frequency in the applied electric field for triggering the distinct transition from prolate to oblate ellipsoid shape obtains smaller value when larger dielectric constant of the cell membrane and intracellular medium,and smaller conductivity for the intracellular medium are used.Furthermore,the effect of cell deformation is estimated by analyzing the capacitance per unit area,the density of field energy,and the change of ion concentration on one side of cell membrane.The intensity of external applied electric field is further increased to detect the change of ion concentration.And the biophysical effect in the cell is discussed.So the deformation effect of cells in electric field should be considered when regulating and preventing harm to normal neural activities occurs in a nervous system.     

枝晶簇四方相钛酸钡的制备及其电场响应性能的研究

为了提高BaTiO3粒子在含水复合弹性体中的电场响应能力,本文采用简单的水热合成法,在不引入任何表面活性剂的情况下,仅通过对反应温度和溶液pH值的调控获得了新颖形貌的钛酸钡粒子。通过借助X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及接触角(Contact Angle)测量等手段对粒子的微观结构和表面特性进行表征发现:该粒子为高纯四方相枝晶簇结构,具有良好的亲水性,而且在含水复合弹性体中对电场具有优良的响应能力。     

CoSAPO-34分子筛的合成、表征及其光催化脱氮性能

利用水热合成法,以三乙烯四胺（TETA）为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯、磷酸、氢氧化铝及乙酸钴为原料,合成了CoSAPO-34分子筛。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、热重（TG）、N2吸附-脱附和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等方法对合成的分子筛进行表征。以吡啶-正辛烷体系为模拟油品对分子筛催化剂的脱氮效果进行评价,考察了样品的用量、光催化时间及循环催化次数对其脱氮性能的影响。结果表明：当合成原料的物质的量之比为n_P2O5：n_AL2O3：n_SiO2：n_Co：n_TETA=1：0.26：0.82：0.81：2.05,在200 ℃晶化24 h,合成得到粒径约为50 μm、仍保持了SAPO-34分子筛的骨架结构、形貌为立方体的CoSAPO-34分子筛,而且该分子筛具有较好的热稳定性。在500 W氙灯光照条件下反应150 min,样品对质量分数为100 μg·g^-1模拟油品的脱除率达到70%,循环3次光催化脱氮活性基本保持不变。     

1,4-二巯基苏糖醇对溶菌酶淀粉样纤维化的抑制作用

蛋白质淀粉样纤维化是很多人类疾病的重要特征,筛选蛋白质淀粉样纤维化的抑制剂对于研究和开发相关疾病的治疗药物具有重要意义。本文采用溶菌酶作为模型,探索巯基化合物1,4-二巯基苏糖醇(DTT)对蛋白质淀粉样纤维化的抑制作用。结果表明,DTT对溶菌酶淀粉样纤维化具有较强的抑制作用,其IC50数值为17μmol.L-1。DTT抑制溶菌酶纤维化的作用与其巯基结构有关。在溶菌酶分子高级结构改变产生聚集和纤维化的过程中,DTT分子的巯基通过与溶菌酶的二硫键作用改变了多肽的构象,从而改变了溶菌酶纤维化的进程。     

空气稳定的氮杂蔻电子传输材料分子设计及三氮杂蔻衍生物迁移率计算

采用密度泛函理论研究氮功能化对蒄类化合物几何构型、电子结构及载流子传输性质的影响. 结果表明, 引入杂N原子可以线性降低前线轨道能级, 增强电子注入能力与空气稳定性, 且邻位掺杂较迫位和均匀掺杂调节效果更为显著. 其中, 十二氮杂蒄（12ac）具有新颖的“碗状”构型和高的电子亲和势（3.45 eV）, 是潜在的空气稳定电子传输材料构筑单元. 理论预测室温下2,6,10-三对甲氧基苯基-3,4,7,8,11,12-六甲氧基三氮杂蒄（3b）晶体的电子迁移率为0.242 cm2/V s, 预计是良好的电子传输材料, 值得进一步器件化研究.     

Fast Reductive Amination by Transfer Hydrogenation “on Water”

Reductive amination of various ketones and aldehydes by transfer hydrogenation under aqueous conditions has been developed, by using cyclometallated iridium complexes as catalysts and formate as hydrogen source. The pH value of the solution is shown to be critical for a high catalytic chemoselectivity and activity, with the best pH value being 4.8. In comparison with that in organic solvents, the reductive amination in an aqueous phase is faster, and the molar ratio of the substrate to the catalyst (S/C) can be set as high as 1×10⁵, the highest S/C value ever reported in reductive amination reactions. The catalyst is easy to access and the reaction is operationally simple, allowing a wide range of ketones and aldehydes to react with various amines in high yields. The protocol provides a practical and environmental friendly new method for the synthesis of amine compounds.     

Plasmonic Scissors for Molecular Design

Heterogeneous catalysts play an important role in surface catalytic reactions, but selective bond breaking and control of reaction products in catalytic processes remain significant challenges. High‐vacuum tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (HV‐TERS) is one of the best candidates to realize surface catalytic reactions. Herein, HV‐TERS was employed in a new method to control dissociation by using hot electrons, generated from plasmon decay, as plasmonic scissors. In this method, the N?N bond in 4,4′‐dimercaptoazobenzene was selectively dissociated by plasmonic scissors, and the reaction products formed from the radical fragment (SC₆H₅N) were controlled by varying the pH value. Under acidic conditions, p‐aminothiophenol was produced from the radical fragment by attachment of hydrogen ions, whereas under alkaline conditions, 4‐nitrobenzenethiol was obtained by attachment of oxygen ions to the substrate.     

Surface Performance and Cytocompatibility Evaluation of Acrylic Acid-Mediated Carboxymethyl Chitosan Coating on Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene)

To improve the biocompatibility of poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) film, a technique based on Ar plasma pretreatment and UV-induced grafting polymerization was used to immobilize carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) on the FEP film surfaces. Initially Ar plasma was used to treat FEP film. Then, plasma treated FEP film was modified via UV-induced grafting polymerization with hydrophilic acrylic acid (AAc) monomer. The following immobilization of CMCS on the FEP-pAAc surface was carried out via an amidation reaction. The change of chemical composition and surface morphology of FEP film were characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results of water contact angles measurement showed that the hydrophilicity of the surface has improved significantly after surface modification. Furthermore, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and cell morphology analysis confirmed that mouse fibroblasts (L929 cells) attachment and proliferation were improved remarkably on the modified FEP surface. These results suggest that CMCS were successfully employed to surface engineering FEP film, and enhanced its cell biocompatibility. The approach presented here may be exploited for surface modification of biomaterials.     

PMAA microgel surface-supported phase transfer catalyst as reusable microreactors for ultra-deep desulfurization

The reusable microreactors, poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) microgels surfacely covered with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (AEM) and K₂{W(=O)(O₂)₂(H₂O)}₂ (W2) complexes, have been synthesized by using an ion exchange reaction between AEM located on PMAA microgels and W2 in aqueous solution. The final composite microspheres and intermediate products are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrophotometer, and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results indicated the PMAA/AEM/W2 composite microspheres with surface-wrinkling morphology and core-shell structure. The feasibility of the composite microspheres used as reusable microreactors in catalytic oxidation of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was investigated. Additionally, the effects of some factors, including the amount of the microreactors, temperature, H₂O₂/DBT molar ratio, the loaded amount of AEM, DBT concentration, and recycling times, on the catalytic oxidation were examined. The results demonstrated that the prepared composite microspheres possess high catalytic performance and reusability in the catalytic oxidation of DBT.     

Simultaneous and Fast Detection of Anions in Snow Using Short Tube by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis

A capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) method applied short-effective length of capillary (11 cm) and low separation voltage (5 kV) was developed for the fast and quantitative determination of Cl m , $ {\rm NO}_2^ - $ , $ {\rm SO}_4^{2 - } $ , $ {\rm NO}_3^ - $ , $ {\rm HCO}_3^ - $ in snow sample. Baseline separation of inorganic anions and organic anions was achieved within 55 s. Indirect absorbance detection of anions was accomplished with a chromate - based background electrolyte modified with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and acetonitrile at pH 9.5. The effect of the pH, the concentration of electrolyte and modifiers on the resolution was investigated. The application of electrokinetic injection using butyric acid as internal standard created the described method fast, sensitive, and quantitative, with good relative standard deviation (RSD), for migration times from 0.1 to 0.3% and for peak areas from 1.8 to 4.0%. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.03 mg L m 1 Cl m , 0.1 mg L m 1 $ {\rm NO}_2^ - $ , 0.07 mg L m 1 $ {\rm SO}_4^{2 - } $ , 0.08 mg L m 1 $ {\rm NO}_3^ - $ , 0.05 mg L m 1 F m , and 0.2 mg L m 1 $ {\rm HCO}_3^ - $ , respectively. Standard addition recoveries of Cl m , $ {\rm NO}_2^ - $ , $ {\rm SO}_4^{2 - } $ , $ {\rm NO}_3^ - $ , F m , and $ {\rm HCO}_3^ - $ in snow sample were between 91 and 104%. This method has been shown promising results for the determination of small anions in snow sample.