弱谐波情况下透射光栅衍射效率标定方法

同步辐射光源中的高次谐波会使透射光栅衍射效率标定精度变差。为了校正光源中的高次谐波对透射光栅衍射效率标定的影响,提出了一种光源存在弱谐波情况下的透射光栅衍射效率标定方法,通过使用谐波X射线的衍射效率修正基波衍射效率标定中谐波的影响,从而得到更为准确的透射光栅衍射效率。使用该标定方法在北京同步辐射光源上开展了透射光栅相对衍射效率标定工作。实验结果表明:在100~800eV存在高次谐波能段,修正后透射光栅一级与零级的相对衍射效率与理论模拟结果吻合较好,修正后光栅二级与一级的相对衍射效率更接近理论模拟结果,但与理论模拟结果仍有较大偏差,该偏差主要来源光栅较弱的二级衍射。     

Total electron yield mode for XANES measurements in the energy region of 2.1——6.0 keV

The total electron yield (TEY) mode has been developed successfully for XANES measurements at Beamline 4B7A of BSRF (Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility). Its performance was studied by measuring sulphur K-edge XANES of three CdS samples (mixed with graphite powder as an electric conductor) with different concentration: 75%, 50% and 25%. The data are collected in TEY mode and fluorescence yield (FY) mode respectively for comparison. The results demonstrate that the TEY spectra of three samples agree well with each other after the background is subtracted and normalized. The measured XANES spectra by TEY mode without bias and with 100V bias are almost identical to one another, but the signal-to-noise ratio of spectra measured without bias is better than that with 100V bias. The consistency of the self-absorption corrected FY spectra and TEY spectra are within 10% for the three samples.     

(Fe1-xNix)2P电子结构与磁学特性的X射线近边吸收谱研究

利用X射线近边吸收谱对Fe2P,Ni2P及其掺杂物(Fe1-xNix)2P(x=0.1,0.25,0.5)中Fe,Ni,P的K边进行了研究.结合多重散射理论近边计算,讨论了金属原子不同位置格点3f,3g对近边谱特征的贡献,得出当Ni原子取代Fe原子时将优先占据Fe(3f)格点位置;根据第一性原理对能态的计算发现,不考虑磁性时不同格点P的pDOS未占据态电子结构与P-K近边吸收谱实验相符合;与考虑铁磁性Fe2P的DOS相比较后结果显示Fe2P的磁性主要来源于Fe(3g)格点,铁磁性Ni2P计算的Ni不同格点原子磁矩均接近于0,与它一般显顺磁性结论相一致.     

银吸收边附近X射线衰减系数测量

在北京同步辐射装置的4B7A中能X光束线上,光源能区为2.1~6.0keV,能量分辨大于5000,高次谐波小于0.1%,光源强度大于109光子/s。通过全能区多能点的透过率精确测量Ag样品质量厚度,然后采用Ag薄膜对单能X光子的透过率进行测量,给出了Ag薄膜在吸收边(3.4~3.9keV)的衰减系数。建立了Ag样品吸收边附近衰减系数同步辐射测量方法。通过不确定度分析给出衰减系数测量不确定度小于1%,填补了在该区间衰减系数的空白。     

VUV/EUV标准探测器装置和传输标准探测器的标定

对研制的安装在合肥国家同步辐射实验室(NSRL)计量光束线上的VUV/EUV标准探测器装置进行了传输标准探测器的首次标定工作.实验选取了3个能点17.625nm,6.8nm和92nm,在这3个能点处分别标定光电二极管,得到其相应的量子效率.结果表明在同一能点多次标定结果的重复一致性很好,相对标准偏差在1%—14%的水平;但是与美国国家标准计量局(NIST)标定过的光电二极管的量子效率比较,短波17.625nm的标定结果较好,而6.8nm和92nm波长的结果差距偏大.偏差主要来自光源稳定性和光谱纯净度的影响.     

基于多层膜偏振元件的同步辐射光束线偏振特性测量研究

利用自行研制的同步辐射软X射线多层膜综合偏振测量装置, 对北京同步辐射装置(BSRF)的3W1B软X射线光束线的偏振特性进行了系统的研究. 给出了多层膜偏振元件起偏前后的测量结果, 测量能量为206eV时, 经反射镜、光栅等光束线光学元件后输出的线偏振度(起偏前)为0.585, 经多层膜偏振元件起偏后输出光的 线偏振度达到0.995.     

复合样品厚度参数同步辐射测量方法

 薄膜样品在实验研究领域要求样品的厚度测量精度非常高,但由于样品质量小,采用称重的方法,测量精度较差。在北京同步辐射装置的中能（4B7A）和低能（4B7B）束线上（光源能区为0.1～6.0 keV,能量分辨大于1 000）,采用材料对单能光子的透过率来确定样品的质量厚度,通过不同能点的测量值进行不确定度分析,提高测量精度,降低不确定度。利用该方法开展了复合样品厚度的测量方法研究,给出了有CH衬底的薄膜样品的厚度,通过不确定度分析得出,薄膜样品厚度的测量不确定度小于1％。     

Investigation of sulfur speciation in particles from small coal-burning boiler by XANES spectroscop

Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectroscopy was employed to study the speciation of sulfur in raw coal, ash by-product and fine particulate matter from a small coal-burning boiler. By means of least square analysis of the XANES spectra, the major organic and inorganic sulfur forms were quantitatively determined. The results show that about 70% of the sulfur in raw coal is present as organic and a minor fraction of the sulfur occurs as other forms： 17% of pyrite and 13% of sulfate. While in bottom ash, fly ash, and PM2.5, the dominant form of sulfur is sulfate, with the percentage of 80,79 and 94, respectively. Moreover, a number of other reduced sulfur including thiophenic sulfur, element sulfur and pyrrhotite are also present. During coal combustion, most of organic sulfur and pyrite were oxidized and released into the atmosphere as SO2 gas, part of them was converted to sulfate existing in coal combustion by-products, and a small part of pyrite was probably reduced to elemental sulfur and pyrrhotite. The results may provide information for assessing the pollution caused by small boiler and developing new methods for the control of SO2 pollution.     

Transfer characterization of sulfur from coal-burning emission to plant leaves by PIXE and XANES

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO₄^2－. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.