一种带温度补偿的数字倾斜角测量系统

提出了一种带温度补偿的数字倾斜角测量系统,阐述了系统组成、温度补偿原理和软件设计,采用电子倾角器、A/D转换器、单片机、温度传感器实现了在宽工作温度范围内的倾斜角测量,消除了环境温度变化引起的偏差.系统通过实验验证,达到了较高的测量准确度,并在某项目的水平倾斜角测量系统中得到应用.     

锂电池原位与非原位表征技术研究

锂电池的电化学性能与电子及离子在体相与界面的输运、反应、储存行为有关. 从原子尺度到宏观尺度,对电池材料在平衡态与非平衡态过程的电子结构、晶体结构、微观形貌、化学组成、物理性质的演化研究对于理解锂离子电池中各类构效关系至关重要,这需要综合多种原位与非原位表征技术. 目前,基础研究处于前沿的发达国家在这些方面取得了卓有成效的进展. 本文简介了中国科学院物理研究所近年来通过国内外合作,采用原位X射线衍射（in-situ XRD）、原位X射线吸收谱（in-situ XAS）、准原位/原位扫描电镜（quasi/in-situ SEM）、球差校正扫描透射电镜（HAADF/ABF-STEM）、扫描力曲线（Force-Curve）、中子衍射（Neutron Diffraction）、热重-差示扫描量热-质谱联用（TG-DSC-MS）、表面增强拉曼（SERS）等技术研究锂离子电池电极材料结构演化方面的进展,并对未来锂离子电池研究中先进表征技术的发展进行了简要的探讨.     

Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy for complex transition metal oxides

Lattice,charge,orbital,and spin are the four fundamental degrees of freedom in condensed matter,of which the interactive coupling derives tremendous novel physical phenomena,such as high-temperature superconductivity(high-T_c SC) and colossal magnetoresistance(CMR) in strongly correlated electronic system.Direct experimental observation of these freedoms is essential to understanding the structure-property relationship and the physics behind it,and also indispensable for designing new materials and devices.Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) integrating multiple techniques of structure imaging and spectrum analysis,is a comprehensive platform for providing structural,chemical and electronic information of materials with a high spatial resolution.Benefiting from the development of aberration correctors,STEM has taken a big breakthrough towards sub-angstrom resolution in last decade and always steps forward to improve the capability of material characterization;many improvements have been achieved in recent years,thereby giving an indepth insight into material research.Here,we present a brief review of the recent advances of STEM by some representative examples of perovskite transition metal oxides;atomic-scale mapping of ferroelectric polarization,octahedral distortions and rotations,valence state,coordination and spin ordering are presented.We expect that this brief introduction about the current capability of STEM could facilitate the understanding of the relationship between functional properties and these fundamental degrees of freedom in complex oxides.     

一种方便实用的全聚四氟乙烯电化学测量电解池

电解池是研究电化学反应的基本工具。尤其是研究快速电极反应时,性能优良的电解池就更显得十分重要。对一个理想的电解池的要求是:良好的稳定性;快速的频率响应;电极电势测量准确、稳定和工作电极表面均匀的电流分布。因此,它应具有低的总电阻;小的参比电极电阻;小的电     

Anomalous strain effect in heteroepitaxial SrRuO3 films on (111) SrTiO3 substrates

We report comprehensive investigations into the structure of high-quality (111)-oriented SrRuO₃ films on SrTiO₃ substrates to elucidate the effect of (111) heteroepitaxial strain. We found that SrRuO₃ film with a thickness of ～ 40 nm is compressively strained in plane on the substrate with full coherency. Nevertheless, the out-of-plane spacing is almost the same as in the bulk, which is at odds with the conventional paradigm. By probing a series of half-order Bragg reflections using synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction combined with analyses of the scanning transmission electron microscopy images, we discovered that the heteroepitaxial strain is accommodated via significant suppression of the degree of c⁺ octahedral tilting and the formation of three equivalent domain structures on the (111) SrTiO₃ substrate. This anomalous effect sheds light on the understanding of an unconventional paradigm of film-substrate coupling for the (111) heteroepitaxial strain.     

石榴石氧化物化学修饰增强聚偏氟乙烯基固态电解质

正随着电动汽车和新能源发电等应用的快速发展,开发先进的储能技术已经成为迫切需求。在众多储能技术中,锂离子电池被认为是最具潜力的储能技术之一~1。目前市场上普遍使用的锂离子电池,其电解质采用液态有机电解液材料,可能产生泄露、易燃易爆等问题,使锂离子电池在使用过程中产生安全隐患。近年来,随着电动汽车的规模迅     

Two-Dimensional Electron Gas with High Mobility Forming at BaO/SrTiO3 Interface

Two-dimensional electron gas （2DEG） with high electron mobility is highly desired to study the emergent properties and to enhance future device performance.Here we report the formation of 2DEG with high mobility at the interface between rock-salt Ba O and perovskite Sr Ti O₃.The interface consists of the ionically compensated Ba O_1-δlayer and the electronically compensated Ti O₂ layer,which is demonstrated as a perfect interface without lattice mismatch.The so-fo...     

Scanning transmission electron microscopy: A review of high angle annular dark field and annular bright field imaging and applications in lithium-ion batteries

Scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM) has been shown as powerful tools for material characterization,especially after the appearance of aberration-corrector which greatly enhances the resolution of STEM. High angle annular dark field(HAADF) and annular bright field(ABF) imaging of the aberration-corrected STEM are widely used due to their high-resolution capabilities and easily interpretable image contrasts. However, HAADF mode of the STEM is still limited in detecting light elements due to the weak electron-scattering power. ABF mode of the STEM could detect light and heavy elements simultaneously, providing unprecedented opportunities for probing unknown structures of materials. Atomiclevel structure investigation of materials has been achieved by means of these imaging modes, which is invaluable in many fields for either improving properties of materials or developing new materials. This paper aims to provide a introduction of HAADF and ABF imaging techniques and reviews their applications in characterization of cathode materials, study of electrochemical reaction mechanisms, and exploring the effective design of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs). The future prospects of the STEM are also discussed.     

锂离子电池电极材料原子尺度结构表征

材料显微结构与性能之间的关联是材料科学领域的基本问题。球差校正透射电子显微镜的成功问世为表征材料原子尺度精细结构、揭示材料结构和性能的关系提供了重要机遇。文章主要从作者自身的研究工作出发,综述了原子分辨球差校正扫描透射成像技术在研究锂离子电池电极材料不同电化学状态下的表/界面结构及其反应机理方面的应用,探讨了电极材料原子尺度结构与性能之间的内在联系。     

准绝对式光学编码器

准绝对式编码器继承了绝对式和增量式光学编码器的优点,根据串行位置编码的基本原理,借助计算机辅助设计,获得了全周100个位置的编码方案,设计了相应的准绝对式编码器;通过与两种传统编码器特点的比较,突出了准绝对式光学编码器的显著特点,指明了其未来良好的应用和发展前景.