非富勒烯受体DA'D型稠环单元的结构修饰及电池性能研究

近年来,设计和合成高性能非富勒烯受体(NFAs)材料已经成为太阳能电池研究领域的前沿课题。基于DA'D型稠环结构的NFAs由于具有吸光系数高、能级和带隙可调、结构易于修饰、分子可高效合成、光电学性能优异等优点而受到了越来越广泛的关注。在短短7年的时间里,能量转换效率(PCE)从3%~4%提高到18%。2019年初邹应萍等报道了一个优秀的受体分子Y6,与PM6共混制备单结电池,获得了15.7%的能量转换效率。Y6类受体材料的中心给电子单元为DA'D型稠环结构,缺电子单元(A')通过氮原子与两个给电子单元(D)并联形成稠环结构,这有助于降低前线分子轨道能级并增强吸收,同时与氮相连的两个烷基链和位于噻吩并噻吩β位的两个侧链则有助于提高溶解度及调节结晶性。自Y6问世以来,人们对分子的结构剪裁进行了深入的研究,并报道了数十种新的结构。在这些新的受体中,DA'D部分的结构裁剪对提高器件效率和太阳能电池的性能起着至关重要的作用。本文对A'、D单元和侧链结构修饰的研究进展进行了综述。通过选择几组受体,对最近报道的分子进行分类,并将它们的光学、电化学、电学和光电性质与精确的结构修饰相关联,从而对结构-性能关系进行全面概述。     

陶瓷基功能材料载体纤维增强效果及机理

以陶瓷基功能材料载体为研究对象,按照其生产工艺配方,研究了纤维种类(莫来石、氧化铝、氧化锆)及其添加量对陶瓷基功能材料载体性能的影响.在相同实验条件且不影响其功能化参数前提下,将其与未添加纤维的空白试样力学性能进行对比.结果表明,试样经1200℃烧成后,相比莫来石与氧化铝纤维增强的陶瓷基功能材料载体,氧化锆纤维的增强效果最好.当氧化锆纤维的添加量为0.8 wt;时,试样的吸水率和气孔率均较低,分别为2.0;、4.0;,相比空白对比试样抗折强度增强了42.4;.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

基于苯基喹啉配体修饰的铱磷光配合物及其高效纯红光有机电致发光器件EI北大核心CSCD

通过对2,4⁃2R⁃苯基⁃4⁃甲基喹啉主配体进行修饰,在苯基空间位阻较小的2位和4位引入供或吸电子能力的取代基(甲基,Me或甲氧基,MeO),分别合成了2种铱磷光配合物(2,4⁃2Me⁃mpq)_(2)Ir(acac)和(2,4⁃2MeO⁃mpq)_(2) Ir(acac),采用元素分析、核磁共振谱和单晶X射线衍射对其组成和化学结构进行了表征与确认。它们的光致发光光谱发射波长分别为610 nm和580 nm,光致发光量子产率分别为75%和80%,HOMO/LUMO能级差分别为2.04 eV和2.19 eV。以纯红光发射的磷光配合物(2,4⁃2Me⁃mpq)_(2)Ir(acac)为客体材料,制备了结构为ITO/TAPC(30 nm)/CBP∶(2,4⁃2Me⁃mpq)_(2)Ir(acac)(30 nm)∶x%/TPBi(30 nm)/Liq(2 nm)/Al的OLED器件,并优化了掺杂浓度,在10%的优化浓度下实现了高效红光OLED发光。器件的发射波长为607 nm,CIE坐标为(0.63,0.37),最大亮度为25980 cd/m^(2),电流效率为23.11 cd/A,外量子效率(EQE)高达20.28%。     

功能梯度材料中Stoneley波的传播特性分析

研究功能梯度弹性半空间(y≤0)和功能梯度磁电弹半空间(y≥0)界面的Stoneley波传播特性.基于两个介质的本构方程、控制方程和界面连续条件,推导出功能梯度材料界面处的Stoneley波波速方程,通过数值模拟,得到功能梯度材料中Stoneley波的色散曲线,并分析功能梯度材料中Stoneley波传播特性.     

高能量密度型锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4改性的研究进展

尖晶石镍锰酸锂(LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4)具有工作电压高、结构稳定、适合快充快放等特性成为高能量及高功率密度型正极材料的有力竞争者.结合了近几年的研究报道,介绍了LiNi0.5 Mn1.5O4的结构、制备方法、改性方法及其应用前景,着重介绍了LiNi0.5 Mn1.5O4材料晶型结构对其性能的影响,并指出该材料目前存在的问题和研究重点.     

数据驱动计算力学研究进展

以数字孪生、人工智能为核心的大数据理念正深刻影响着第四次工业革4 命，数据驱动计算力学在此背景下应运而生并展现勃勃生机。与此同时，航5 空航天等尖端工业领域对高性能材料与结构的先进制造与安全评估提出了更6 严峻的挑战，经典计算力学已很难实现成倍缩短产品研发周期、实时跟踪产7 品信息并提供解决方案的目标。因此，发展面向高性能材料与结构的数据驱8 动计算力学正当其时且刻不容缓。本文拟通过梳理数据驱动计算力学的部分9 研究现状，探讨并浅析数据驱动计算力学的发展趋势.     

电可通纳米尺度孔边均布多裂纹的电弹断裂分析

解析研究了面内电载荷和反平面机械载荷作用下压电体中纳米尺度圆孔边均布电可通多裂纹问题的断裂性能。基于Gurtin-Murdoch表面弹性理论，利用保角映射方法和复变弹性理论给出了裂纹尖端电弹场分布、电弹场强度因子及能量释放率的解析结果。阐述了无量纲电弹场强度因子、无量纲能量释放率的尺寸依赖效应，讨论了裂纹数量和缺陷几何参数对无量纲场强度因子和无量纲能量释放率的影响。结果表明：无量纲电弹场强度因子和无量纲能量释放率具有显著的尺寸依赖效应；考虑表面效应，孔径和裂纹长度相当时，电弹场强度因子达到最大；裂纹/孔径比对电弹场强度因子随裂纹数量变化的制约会随着裂纹数量的增加而逐渐消失；过大或过小的裂纹孔径比会削弱裂纹长度对能量释放率的影响。     

结构冲击畸变问题的直接相似方法研究

结构受冲击时由不同材料引起比例模型与全尺寸原型的畸变,通常通过修正比例模型的速度或密度进行补偿.然而传统的修正方法,存在需预先测试结构响应、依赖特殊本构方程、不能反映动态过程的缺陷,因而限制了相似理论在比例模型试验中的直接应用.本文提出了一种不同材料畸变问题的直接相似方法.它通过建立应变率区间上比例模型预测的流动屈服应力与原型流动屈服应力的最佳逼近关系,直接获得了修正速度或修正密度的比例因子,完成了比例模型与原型的动态相似关系.基于Norton-Hoff, Cowper-Symonds, Johnson-Cook三种经典的本构模型,研究了材料应变率敏感性特征参数、参考应变率、屈服应力、密度在动态相似关系中的作用.并通过受质量冲击的折板结构算例,验证了直接相似方法的有效性.分析表明,本文提出的直接相似方法不需要预先测试结构的响应,不依赖特殊的本构方程、强调动态相似特性,具有直接、高效、通用的特点.此外,动态相似关系的最佳逼近效果,受材料应变率敏感性特征参数控制,屈服应力、密度和参考应变率影响不大;当比例模型应变率敏感性特征参数与原型相近,可获得最佳逼近.