分子印迹电化学传感器检测水产品中孔雀石绿

以孔雀石绿(MG)为模板,以邻氨基酚为功能单体通过循环伏安法(CV)在玻碳电极表面上聚合制备了MG分子印迹电化学传感器,用CV法和差分脉冲法(DPV)研究了传感器的响应性能,并用于水产品中MG检测。结果表明,DPV峰电流减少量与MG浓度在0.02～0.5μg·mL~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为ΔI(μA)=26.77C_(MG)+2.663;在0.5～2.5μg·mL~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为ΔI(μA)=2.662C_(MG)+14.25,检出限为1.2×10~(-2)μg·mL~(-1)。MG分子印迹电化学传感器操作简单快捷,具有较好的特异性、重复性和稳定性,可满足水产品中MG的快速检测需要。     

相控阵超声检测成像技术在耐张线夹压接质量检测的应用研究

“三跨”线路耐张线夹压接质量影响着电网运行安全，目前耐张线夹压接质量检测均存在一定的局限性，提出了基于相控阵超声检测技术的耐张线夹检测方法。首先对耐张线夹相控阵超声检测图谱进行了信号分析，证明相控阵超声成像技术可直观有效地检测耐张线夹漏压和欠压等压接质量缺陷。此外，为提高相控阵超声检测成像质量，分析成像影响因素，采用控制变量法研究线阵探头频率、孔径和焦距对耐张线夹相控阵检测成像的影响规律。研究发现：低频探头检测时耐张线夹检测信号会发生重叠，探头频率增大时，分辨力提高，但声波衰减增大，频率选择时要综合考虑对分辨力和灵敏度的影响；随探头孔径的增大，近场区长度增加，系统分辨力和灵敏度提高，但孔径增加受到工件外形尺寸的限制，一般选择孔径时应保证铝中的近场区长度不小于铝套管厚度和单根铝导线直径之和；聚焦区域的成像质量明显优于非聚焦区域，孔径变小时，焦点位置对检测结果的影响增大，检测时将焦距设置为铝套管厚度时检测成像效果最佳。研究结果对于相控阵超声成像在耐张线夹压接质量检测上的工程应用具有重要的参考价值。     

2,6-二甲基-3,5-二(吡唑-3-基)吡啶/铜构筑的一维链状Keggin型杂多酸盐的合成、结构及电化学性质研究

以二水氯化铜(CuCl2·2H2O)、硅酸钠(Na2SiO3)、钼酸钠(Na2 MoO4)和2,6-二甲基-3,5-二(吡唑-3-基)吡啶(简写为H2L)为原料,通过水热反应,成功地合成了一个一维链状Keggin型多酸基杂化化合物[Cu2(H3L)2](SiMo12O40).通过X-射线单晶衍射、TGA、IR以及元素分析对该化合物的结构进行表征.测试结果表明,该化合物属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶胞参数a=1.1689(5) nm,b=1.2157(5) nm,c=1.2233(5) nm,α=62.066(5)°,β=62.833(5)°,γ =74.789(5)°,V=1.363 8(10) nm3,Z=2,R1=0.082 4,wR2=0.174 5.电化学分析结果表明该化合物对亚硝酸盐的还原具有良好的电催化效果.     

基于相移偏折法的高反射表面面形测量技术

利用单相机所采集的图像实现了对光滑高反射表面面形的直接检测.首先利用相机获取参考平面在标准平面镜中的镜像,然后通过参考平面上的点与归一化成像平面上图像点之间的密集折返对应关系,求得待测镜面的深度距离,从而实现对高反射表面面形的测量.通过光线追迹将该测量过程转化为求解物空间中关于两对应光线束之间的相交问题.以相位为载体获取面形梯度分布,求得该表面的法向量场,并求解相应的反射光线束.通过光线追迹对该光线束与相应入射光线束求“交点”检测高反射表面.对标准平面镜进行实验检测,测量得到的面形平面度为0.19 mm.采用传统方法与本文所提方法对汽车后视镜进行检测,所得检测结果对应点之间的平均距离为0.15 mm,验证了本文方法检测镜面面形的有效性.     

特殊IC板引脚焊点缺陷检测中景深的研究

检测具有特殊空间结构的IC板引脚焊点缺陷时,相机镜头相对于引脚平面会有一定的倾斜角度,在特定的范围内获取图像清晰,超过此范围图像出现离焦模糊。针对此问题进行了研究,建立了景深的数学模型,推导出合理拍摄角度的公式,并通过实验进行了分析和验证。     

ZnO超细纳米线阵列的制备及其电化学性能

以Zn(NO₃)₂· 6H₂O和C₆H₁₂N₄为原材料,采用二步水热法在碳纤维布上合成了形貌尺寸均匀的ZnO超细纳米线阵列。用 X 射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,利用恒流充放电测试等手段对其进行电化学性能测试。测试结果表明,材料表现出优异的电化学性能。在200 mA/g的电流密度下循环150次后,ZnO超细纳米线阵列仍然约有730 mAh/g的充放电比容量,库伦效率保持在95%以上。在1 200 mA/g的大倍率条件下,材料的充放电比容量依旧可达481 mAh/g左右,表现出十分良好的循环稳定性和可逆性能,是一种较为理想的锂离子电池负极复合材料。     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

电化学促进铱催化乙烯基C-H键官能团化高效合成α-吡喃酮

电化学有机合成技术在过去十年来蓬勃发展,越来越受到学术和企业界合成化学工作者的青睐[1-5].跟传统化学反应相比,它的优势是利用电流代替常规的化学氧化剂或还原剂来促进化学反应,同时通过电势的调节,实现独特的反应性和化学选择性.电化学和过渡金属协同催化的碳氢键官能团化修饰(C-Hfunctionalization),不仅有效避免底物的预官能团化,而且为逆合成分析提供了可能的新颖断键方法,日益成为一种更为绿色经济的反应类型[6].