太平洋牡蛎三倍体苗种的生产技术

利用细胞松驰素B和6－二甲基氨基嘌呤二种化学药物,分别对太平洋特蛎受精卵进行处理,抑制第二极体排放,以诱导产生三倍体。对药物浓度、处理时机以及处理持续时间三因素及其三种水平进行不完全正交试验,筛选出最适药物浓度、处理时机及药物持续时间,在此基础上开展规模化生产,获得了62％的三倍体诱导率,对三倍体幼虫生长与二倍体幼虫生长进行比较,同时开展海上养殖试验。     

Study on the Structures and Properties of Copper Removal Adsorbent Prepared from Sinter-free Pulverized Oyster Shell Materials

A hollow tubular copper removal adsorbent was prepared with oyster shell and cement as the main raw materials. The effects of different formulas, different initial copper concentrations and different pH values of samples on the copper removal efficiency were investigated to determine the optimal conditions for copper removal. The content of copper in the wastewater is determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The microstructure and elemental composition of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and EDS. As a result, the formula with the content of cement to be 8 wt% and the oyster shell powder of 92 wt% is optimal. Under the condition of 30 ℃, when the pH value was 9.0, the Cu2+ adsorption capacity of the sample could reach 0.59 mg/g at 48 h. SEM analysis revealed that there are abundant pores in the sample, which is beneficial for Cu2+ absorption on the adsorbent.     

2,4-二硝基氟苯柱前衍生-高效液相色谱法测定牡蛎中牛磺酸

取一定量牡蛎样品的匀浆,用水和乙腈提取;分取部分乙腈提取液,按给定条件用2,4-二硝基氟苯对溶液中牛磺酸进行柱前衍生。将反应后的溶液用乙腈稀释10倍,分取20μL进行高效液相色谱分析。用Ultimate C18色谱柱为固定相,以不同体积比混合的乙腈和0.2%(φ)三乙胺(用磷酸调节其酸度至pH 4.0)混合液作为流动相进行梯度淋洗,所用检测波长为360nm。经衍生后牛磺酸浓度在4.68×10-10~4.25×10-5 mol·L-1范围内与其相应的峰面积呈线性关系。方法的检出限(3S/N)为5.5×10-11 mol·L-1。用标准加入法做回收试验,测得平均回收率为97.4%,测定值的平均相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.1%。     

牡蛎中痕量有机氯农药残留量的分析方法研究

建立了同时测定牡蛎中16种有机氯农药残留量的前处理方法和气相色谱分析方法。在100℃的温度条件下，用加速溶剂提取（ASE）提取样品中的有机氯农药，用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）结合Florisil柱净化，以RTX-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离、ECD检测器测定。结果表明，样品的加标回收率（n=3）为81％～110％，方法检出限为0．2～0．7ng／g，样品检测的相对标准偏差为2．9％～15．2％。     

碱溶-原子吸收光谱法直接测定贻贝、牡蛎和黄鱼中的微量元素

用NaOH溶液溶解贻贝、牡蛎和黄鱼，原子吸收法测定其中的Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cr等元素。所测元素含量与标准推荐值基本一致，测定结果的精密度和准确度明显优于传统的酸溶法，满足海洋环境监测中生物体残毒的分析要求。     

甾体植物生物调节剂的合成XXⅢ.'从猪去氧胆酸立体选择性合成牡蛎甾醇和油菜甾醇

牡蛎甾醇和油菜甾醇是从猪去氧胆酸所犁20-碳醛为起始物,各经六步反应合成的,总产率分别为48-57%和52-54%.合成的关键步骤是Claisen重排反应.     

体外仿生法研究牡蛎和蛤仔体内微量金属元素的生物可给性

采用体外全仿生消解方法,模拟人体的消化道环境,对牡蛎和蛤仔样品进行仿生消解,分析牡蛎和蛤仔体内微量元素的生物可给性.以原子吸收光谱法测定胃、肠仿生提取液中微量元素的含量.结果表明,牡蛎胃提取液中Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd的含量明显高于肠提取液中的含量,蛤仔胃提取液中Fe,Cu的含量与肠提取液中的含量没有明显差异,而Zn,Cd的含量远高于其在肠提取液中的含量.经全仿生消解后,牡蛎体Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd的可给性分别为60.2％,83.6％,83.1％,76.8％;蛤仔Fe,Cu,Zn,Cd的可给性分别为46.3％,86.3％,85.3％,87.7％.本研究结果为进一步研究牡蛎和蛤仔对金属元素的累积和迁移、生物可利用性,Cd等有害元素对食用者的健康风险评估,提供技术支持和理论依据.     

Structure Characterization and Dephosphorization Effect Analysis of Oyster Shell-silica Micropowder Waste Water Dephosphorization Materials

In this work,the effects of pH value of waste water and initial concentration of phosphorus on dephosphorization materials were investigated.The materials were prepared by shaping,sintering and hydrothermal reshaping oyster shell and silica micro-powder.Different concentrations of phosphorus-contained waste water were simulated with potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution,the effect of dephosphorization was tested with phosphomolybdenum blue spectrophotometer method,and the crystal phase and microstructure of materials were characterized by XRD and SEM methods.It was indicated that dephosphorization was completed in 6 h when the initial phosphorus concentration in waste water was lower than 15 mg/L,and the dephosphorization time prolonged as the increase of phosphorus concentration.It was observed that the pH value of waste water influenced dephosphorization significantly,and neutral subalkalic environment favored dephosphorization.When the pH value was 11,the efficiency of dephosphozation was the greatest.For waste water with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L,the dephosphozation rate is close to 100% in 8 h.     

牡蛎净化技术的研究

使用1 mg/L、2 mg/L、3 mg/L三种不同浓度的臭氧水对新鲜牡蛎进行微生物净化处理,浸泡时间分别为3 min、6 min、9min.然后将牡蛎分装于无菌的保鲜袋内,封口后置于0～4℃冰箱中贮藏8 d,观察其对牡蛎的保鲜效果.结果表明：臭氧对牡蛎中的细菌有一定的杀菌效果,较高浓度和较长时间的处理杀菌效果较好.综合分析检测到的各个处理牡蛎的T-VBN值、细菌总数值、大肠菌群数卫生指标,使用浓度为3 mg/L的臭氧水浸泡处理牡蛎9min后对其保鲜效果较好,其在浸泡处理后对牡蛎中的细菌总数的杀菌效果达到了95.9%,可使牡蛎保质到6 d,比对照组延长了4 d保质期,并且对牡蛎的感官质量没有影响.因此,臭氧可以有效地应用于牡蛎的净化保鲜上.     

活性小分子DHMBA含氮衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

以没食子酸甲酯为原料,通过甲基化、还原反应制得牡蛎中的活性小分子DHMBA,并进一步通过PCC氧化、缩合反应合成其含氮衍生物(4a～4d);为进行构效分析,分别选用与DHMBA分子结构相近的丁香醛和2,3,4-三羟基苯甲醛作为原料,通过缩合反应制得一系列含氮衍生物(5a～5d)和(6a～6d),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS(ESI)表征。采用滤纸片法测试了化合物2～6对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性。结果表明:在10～40 mg·mL^-1内,化合物4～6对受试菌种均表现出一定的抑制活性,其中4b、 6b和6d的抑菌活性最为显著。