铁系催化剂催化2,5-二甲酚合成2,3,6-三甲酚的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了用于2,5-二甲酚甲基化合成2,3,6-三甲酚的铁系催化剂,并对甲基化的工艺条件进行了单因素研究。结果表明,在反应温度320℃,原料配比n2,5-二甲酚∶n_(甲醇)=1∶10,液时空速2.4h-1时,2,5-二甲酚的转化率可达99.62%,2,3,6-三甲酚的选择性可达98.89%。     

二茂铁基丙炔酸甲酯的合成

以二茂铁为原料,经Vilsmeier-Haack反应制得二茂铁甲醛(2);2与磷叶立德经Witting反应得取代烯(3);3在碱性条件下脱卤得二茂铁乙炔(4);在PdCl2催化下,4经羰基化反应合成了新化合物二茂铁基丙炔酸甲酯(5),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS表征。在最佳反应条件[5 mol%PdCl2为催化剂,4 mol%CuI为助催化剂,在K2CO3作用下,回流反应2 h]下,5收率83%。     

3,4-二硝基吡唑合成方法及性能研究综述

3,4-二硝基吡唑(DNP)是最近报道的,可替代TNT作为熔铸炸药载体的含能化合物.本文以DNP的合成原料为主线综述了其合成方法,分析了各种方法的优劣,提出了较为可行的工艺路线;同时简述了DNP的物理化学性质,并通过与其他含能物质(包括部分熔铸炸药载体)对比,指出DNP作为熔铸炸药载体具有一定的优势.     

对硝基杯[8]芳烃的合成及其与奥克托今的配合

以对叔丁基苯酚与多聚甲醛为原料合成了对硝基杯[8]芳烃.利用紫外光谱研究了对硝基杯[8]芳烃与奥克托今(HMX)在氯仿中的配合性能.用量子化学半经验AM1和ab initio HF/3-21G方法,分别得到主、客体及其超分子体系几何全优化结构.结果表明,主客体分子形成了1: 1的配合物,标准状况下对硝基杯[8]芳烃与HMX形成超分子体系后较单体能量之和减少60.76 kJ/mol,主客体间可形成氢键.对硝基杯[8]芳烃与HMX超分子体系的稳定常数Kw从288 K的1.138×1012降至408 K时的1.121×105.     

N-酰基-L-丝氨酸钠表面活性剂的合成和胶束化热力学性质

以L-丝氨酸和长链酰氯为原料,合成了3种不同碳链长度（n=8,12,14）的N-酰基-L-丝氨酸。 并以1H NMR、ESI-MS和元素分析对3种目标产物进行了表征。 采用表面张力法研究了N-酰基-L-丝氨酸钠在298、308、318和328 K时水溶液中的聚集行为,确定了临界胶束浓度（cmc）、临界胶束浓度下的最低表面张力（γcmc）、表面饱和吸附量Γmax。 由cmc和温度的关系,应用相分离模型计算了胶束化热力学参数ΔGom、ΔHom和ΔSom。 结果表明,ΔGom＜0,ΔHom的绝对值比-TΔSom绝对值小的多,说明胶束化过程为熵驱动过程,随着温度的升高,胶束化过程是熵-焓补偿的过程。     

Density Functional Theory Studies on the Intermolecular Interactions of Five Aza-calix [6] arene Host with HMX

Five fully optimized structures of complexes between aza-calix[6]arene host monomers(Ma～Me) and complexes(a～e) have been obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level.Natural bond orbital(NBO) analysis was performed to reveal the origin of the interaction.The intermolecular interaction energy was evaluated with basis set superposition error correction(BSSE) and zero point energy correction(ZPEC).The B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations on the five complexes have shown that the greatest interaction(-13.98 kJ/mol) is found in the complex between HMX and hexa-aza-calix[3]-p-tri-arene[3]-2-amido-1,3,5-tri-azine.The results have indicated that intermolecular interaction energies of aza-calix[6]arenes with substituted group are stronger than those without substituted group,and those with amido are greater than with nitryl.Thus,hexa-azacalix[3]-p-tri-arene[3]-2-amido-1,3,5-tri-azine is rather equal to eliminate HMX from explosive waste water.     

微波辐射合成4，4’-二甲基三苯胺

以叔丁醇钾(3)为缚酸剂,在微波辐射下,4,4'-二甲基二苯胺(1)和溴苯(2)在二甲基亚砜中反应合成了4,4'-二甲基三苯胺,其结构经1H NMR和IR确证.由正交实验确定最佳工艺条件为:1 3 mmol,n(1):n(2):n(3)=1:2:2,微波功率100 W,于175℃反应60 min,收率67.8%.     

Crystal Structure and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of 3-Nitro-4-diazo-5-oxygenpyrazole

A novel compound 3-nitro-4-diazo-5-oxypyrazole was synthesized by the nitration of 4-amino-3,5-dinitropyrazole using nitrification agents of fuming nitric acid and trifluoroacetic anhydride. The compound was purified by column chromatography and characterized by IR, NMR, MS and elemental analysis. Two different single crystals obtained by culturing with ethyl acetate as a solvent were measured by X-ray single-crystal diffractometer. The molecular weight of C_3HN_5O_3 is 155.09 and the two crystals belong to monoclinic system, space groups P21/n and P21/c. For 1: a = 5.5007(2), b = 9.0691(4), c = 11.4158(4) ?, β = 92.710°, V = 568.85 ?~3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.811 g/cm~3, μ = 0.162 mm-1, F(000) = 312 and the final deviation factor is 0.0213. Crystals 1 and 2 have similar unit cell parameters, except that a = 10.1828(12), b = 5.5925(6), c = 10.5574(10) ? and β = 108.330(4)° in crystal 2. The thermal behavior of the compound was studied by TG-DSC and melting endothermic peak and decomposition exothermic peak are at 425.7 and 534.5 K in DSC curve. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the exothermic decomposition reaction of the title compound obtained by Kissinger method and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method are 50.38 k J/mol, 4.59 × 1022 s~(-1) and 55.89 k J/mol.     

微波辐射合成4,4′,4″-三硝基三苯胺

以对硝基苯胺(1)和4-氯硝基苯(2)为原料,二甲基亚砜为溶剂,叔丁醇钾为缚酸剂,氟化钾和四甲基氯化铵为催化剂,在微波辐射下合成了4,4′,4″-三硝基三苯胺(3),其结构经IR表征.正交实验确定最佳反应条件为:13 mmol,n(1)∶n(2)∶n(叔丁醇钾)=1∶3∶2,在125 W下,于130℃反应30 min,3的收率达98.2%.     

氨基酸基Gemini表面活性剂的研究进展

氨基酸基Gemini表面活性剂因具有高表面活性、独特的流变性能和优异的生物相容性等诸多优点受到科研工作者的青睐。本文按照氨基酸类型和亲水基种类对其进行归纳和总结,综述了氨基酸基Gemini表面活性剂的合成、性能和应用研究进展,指出开发简单合成步骤制备新型结构的高光学纯度的氨基酸基Gemini表面活性剂、探讨手性碳原子的立体构型对于其自组装行为的影响是今后的研究重点。