以硅酸盐材料为背景的教学素材开发

针对一线教师在设计硅酸盐材料一课时面对的困难,开发了与陶瓷、玻璃、水泥相对应的石家河红陶杯、洛阳浮法玻璃、白鹤滩大坝等3个教学素材。包含2个原创实验、7个资料、14个原创提问。开发的素材可用于硅酸盐材料高一新授课或以硅酸盐材料为情境的高三复习课中,也可为原创题的命制者提供参考。素材的选择遵循了立德树人的理念,培养了学生的爱国情怀,同时也提升了高级思维能力。     

非富勒烯受体DA'D型稠环单元的结构修饰及电池性能研究

近年来,设计和合成高性能非富勒烯受体(NFAs)材料已经成为太阳能电池研究领域的前沿课题。基于DA'D型稠环结构的NFAs由于具有吸光系数高、能级和带隙可调、结构易于修饰、分子可高效合成、光电学性能优异等优点而受到了越来越广泛的关注。在短短7年的时间里,能量转换效率(PCE)从3%~4%提高到18%。2019年初邹应萍等报道了一个优秀的受体分子Y6,与PM6共混制备单结电池,获得了15.7%的能量转换效率。Y6类受体材料的中心给电子单元为DA'D型稠环结构,缺电子单元(A')通过氮原子与两个给电子单元(D)并联形成稠环结构,这有助于降低前线分子轨道能级并增强吸收,同时与氮相连的两个烷基链和位于噻吩并噻吩β位的两个侧链则有助于提高溶解度及调节结晶性。自Y6问世以来,人们对分子的结构剪裁进行了深入的研究,并报道了数十种新的结构。在这些新的受体中,DA'D部分的结构裁剪对提高器件效率和太阳能电池的性能起着至关重要的作用。本文对A'、D单元和侧链结构修饰的研究进展进行了综述。通过选择几组受体,对最近报道的分子进行分类,并将它们的光学、电化学、电学和光电性质与精确的结构修饰相关联,从而对结构-性能关系进行全面概述。     

陶瓷基功能材料载体纤维增强效果及机理

以陶瓷基功能材料载体为研究对象,按照其生产工艺配方,研究了纤维种类(莫来石、氧化铝、氧化锆)及其添加量对陶瓷基功能材料载体性能的影响.在相同实验条件且不影响其功能化参数前提下,将其与未添加纤维的空白试样力学性能进行对比.结果表明,试样经1200℃烧成后,相比莫来石与氧化铝纤维增强的陶瓷基功能材料载体,氧化锆纤维的增强效果最好.当氧化锆纤维的添加量为0.8 wt;时,试样的吸水率和气孔率均较低,分别为2.0;、4.0;,相比空白对比试样抗折强度增强了42.4;.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

烧结温度对Cao.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2Nb2O9无铅压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备了Ca0.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2 Nb2 O9铋层状无铅压电陶瓷.采用XRD、SEM、EDS及相关电学性能测试系统表征了样品的晶体结构、断面形貌、元素组成以及介电、压电、铁电等性能,探究不同烧结温度对于陶瓷性能的影响.结果表明:当烧结温度为1150℃时,样品的晶体结构单一均匀,呈现片层状结构,致密性较好,压电常数高达17 pC/N,介电损耗仅为0.42;,居里温度为908℃,并且具有很好的温度稳定性,说明固相反应法制备的Ca0.9(NaCe)0.05Bi2Nb2O9压电陶瓷最佳烧结温度为1150℃.     

基于苯基喹啉配体修饰的铱磷光配合物及其高效纯红光有机电致发光器件EI北大核心CSCD

通过对2,4⁃2R⁃苯基⁃4⁃甲基喹啉主配体进行修饰,在苯基空间位阻较小的2位和4位引入供或吸电子能力的取代基(甲基,Me或甲氧基,MeO),分别合成了2种铱磷光配合物(2,4⁃2Me⁃mpq)_(2)Ir(acac)和(2,4⁃2MeO⁃mpq)_(2) Ir(acac),采用元素分析、核磁共振谱和单晶X射线衍射对其组成和化学结构进行了表征与确认。它们的光致发光光谱发射波长分别为610 nm和580 nm,光致发光量子产率分别为75%和80%,HOMO/LUMO能级差分别为2.04 eV和2.19 eV。以纯红光发射的磷光配合物(2,4⁃2Me⁃mpq)_(2)Ir(acac)为客体材料,制备了结构为ITO/TAPC(30 nm)/CBP∶(2,4⁃2Me⁃mpq)_(2)Ir(acac)(30 nm)∶x%/TPBi(30 nm)/Liq(2 nm)/Al的OLED器件,并优化了掺杂浓度,在10%的优化浓度下实现了高效红光OLED发光。器件的发射波长为607 nm,CIE坐标为(0.63,0.37),最大亮度为25980 cd/m^(2),电流效率为23.11 cd/A,外量子效率(EQE)高达20.28%。     

功能梯度材料中Stoneley波的传播特性分析

研究功能梯度弹性半空间(y≤0)和功能梯度磁电弹半空间(y≥0)界面的Stoneley波传播特性.基于两个介质的本构方程、控制方程和界面连续条件,推导出功能梯度材料界面处的Stoneley波波速方程,通过数值模拟,得到功能梯度材料中Stoneley波的色散曲线,并分析功能梯度材料中Stoneley波传播特性.     

熔盐法合成钛酸锂钾片晶及形貌控制

在碳酸钾、碳酸锂和二氧化钛的混合原料中加入熔盐氯化钾,通过高温煅烧一步制备出钛酸锂钾片晶( K0.8 Li0.27Ti1.73O4, KLTO).通过控制熔盐的添加方式以及煅烧工艺(升温速率、煅烧时间)使材料的形貌朝着二维方向生长,并利用XRD和SEM等手段进行表征.分析发现:过快的升温速率或者较短的煅烧时间都会使材料朝三维方向生长成球状或者块状,反之则会使材料趋向一维方向生长成棒状;同时在煅烧温度达到一定值时再加入熔盐则更有利于片晶的生成.最终得到KLTO片状形貌的最佳控制工艺为:先以300 ℃/h升温至800 ℃后,再加入质量分数为40;的KCl熔盐,接着将升温速率变为200 ℃/h,加热至950 ℃,并在此温度下煅烧3 h.