甲酸辅助Cu-ZnO-Al2O3催化剂制备及其CO2加氢制甲醇性能研究

采用共沉淀法制备Cu/Zn/Al前驱体,经甲酸处理后N₂气氛焙烧得到Cu-ZnO-Al₂O₃催化剂(CZA)用于CO₂加氢制甲醇反应。使用XRD、BET、TG-DSC、SEM、H₂-TPR、N₂O滴定、XPS-AES、CO₂-TPD表征技术对催化剂的物相组成、结构性质以及Cu物种的比表面积、分散度以及价态分布进行分析和讨论。结果表明,甲酸处理调节了催化剂中Cu⁺与Cu⁰的比例,同时增加催化剂的中强碱性,并提高甲醇选择性。在W/F(H₂/CO₂=70/23)=10 g·h/mol、t=200℃、p=3 MPa反应条件下,使用HCOOH/Cu(物质的量比)=0.8甲酸处理获得的催化剂,CO₂转化率6.7%,甲醇选择性达76.3%。     

可见光催化有机硅的合成研究进展

硅杂化合物广泛存在于药物分子和具有特殊用途的功能材料中.与其同主族的全碳母体化合物相比,通常硅元素的存在赋予了相应的硅杂化合物特殊的生物活性和独特的物理化学性能.概述了近年来可见光催化有机硅的合成方法和策略,并对其反应机理和局限性予以分析和讨论.     

利用空间位阻和氢溢流协同作用促进5-羟甲基糠醛选择性加氢制备5-甲基糠醛

Selective hydrogenation is a vital class of reaction. Various unsaturated functional groups in organic compounds, such as aromatic rings, alkynyl (C≡C), carbonyl (C＝O), nitro (-NO₂), and alkenyl (C＝C) groups, are typical targets in selective hydrogenation. Therefore, selectivity is a key indicator of the efficiency of a designed hydrogenation reaction. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) is an important platform compound in the context of biomass conversion, and recently, the hydrogenation of HMF to produce fuels and other valuable chemicals has received significant attention. Controlling the selectivity of HMF hydrogenation is paramount because of the different reducible functional groups (C＝O, C-OH, and C＝C) in HMF. Moreover, the exploration of new routes for hydrogenating HMF to valuable chemicals is becoming attractive. 5-Methylfurfural (MF) is also an important organic compound; thus, the selective hydrogenation of HMF to MF is an essential synthetic route. However, this reaction has challenging thermodynamic and kinetic aspects, making it difficult to realize. Herein, we propose a strategy to design a highly efficient catalytic system for selective hydrogenation by exploiting the synergy between steric hindrance and hydrogen spillover. The design and preparation of the Pt@PVP/Nb₂O₅ catalyst (PVP = polyvinyl pyrrolidone; Nb₂O₅ = niobium(V) oxide) were also conducted. Surprisingly, HMF could be converted to MF with 92% selectivity at 100% HMF conversion. The reaction pathway was revealed through the combination of control experiments and density functional theory calculations. Although PVP blocked HMF from accessing the surface of Pt, hydrogen (H₂) could be activated on the surface of Pt due to its small molecular size, and the activated H₂ could migrate to the surface of Nb₂O₅ through a phenomenon called H₂ spillover. The Lewis acidic surface of Nb₂O₅ could not adsorb the C＝O group but could adsorb and activate the C-OH group of HMF; therefore, when HMF was adsorbed on Nb₂O₅, the C-OH groups were hydrogenated by the spilled over H₂ to form MF. The high selectivity of this reaction was realized because of the unique combination of steric effects, hydrogen spillover, and tuning of the electronic states of the Pt and Nb₂O₅ surfaces. This new route for producing MF has great potential for practical application owing to its discovered advantages. We believe that this novel strategy can be used to design catalysts for other selective hydrogenation reactions. Furthermore, this study demonstrates a significant breakthrough in selective hydrogenation, which will be of interest to researchers working on the utilization of biomass, organic synthesis, catalysis, and other related fields.      

萘乙炔基封端的含硅聚酰亚胺的制备与性能

为了获得兼具良好热性能和加工性能的聚酰亚胺树脂,设计合成了不对称二胺(3-氨基-苯基)-(4’-氨基-苯基)-乙炔(AMPA),含萘环的封端剂3-(萘-1-乙炔基)苯胺(NAA)以及含硅二酐双(3,4-二羧基苯基)二甲基硅烷二酐.为研究结构与性能的关系,引入4,4’-双邻苯二甲酸酐(ODPA)和间氨基苯乙炔(APA)为对照二酐和封端剂,制备了一系列分子链中含硅和内炔基团的聚酰亚胺树脂PI-Si-Ⅰ(以APA为封端剂)和PI-Si-Ⅱ(以NAA为封端剂),以及与之相对照的树脂PI-O-Ⅰ和PI-O-Ⅱ(二酐单体为ODPA). PI-Si树脂在常见溶剂如四氢呋喃中具有很好的溶解度,而PI-Si-Ⅱ树脂更是具有低的熔体黏度和100℃宽的加工窗口.热失重的结果显示固化树脂具有良好的耐热性能,5 wt%热失重温度(T_d5)在547℃左右,质量残留率在79%左右;热裂解分析结果表明在聚酰亚胺主链中引入的硅和内炔基团在高温环境中形成硅氧硅结构和苯环等刚性结构,从而提高树脂的耐热性.     

油樟叶多糖的大孔树脂纯化工艺研究

为研究大孔树脂纯化油樟叶多糖的最佳工艺,以脱色率、多糖保留率和蛋白质脱除率的加权综合评分为指标,首先通过静态及动态实验考察8种不同型号大孔树脂的纯化效果,优选出效果较好的树脂,再通过单因素和正交试验优化油樟叶多糖的纯化工艺参数。研究结果表明,AB-8型大孔树脂对油樟叶多糖有良好的综合纯化效果,其最佳纯化工艺参数为：油樟叶多糖的上样浓度为0.3mg/mL,洗脱剂为40%乙醇,洗脱剂流速为1.0mL/min,洗脱剂体积为2.2BV;在此工艺下纯化,油樟叶多糖保留率为86.35%,脱色率为73.03%,蛋白质去除率达81.18%。AB-8型大孔树脂对油樟叶多糖的纯化工艺稳定可靠、效果良好,为油樟叶多糖的开发利用提供了参考。     

氮掺杂石墨烯负载单原子Zr催化CO2加氢的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论计算,研究了H2和CO2在氮掺杂石墨烯负载单原子Zr催化剂(Zr Nx-Gr)上的吸附和CO2催化加氢反应. H2和CO2在Zr N3-Gr上单独吸附的吸附能分别为-0.49和-2.17 e V,在H2和CO2共吸附状态下,吸附能为-2.24 e V,均高于在Zr N4-Gr表面的吸附能,表明Zr N3-Gr表面更利于CO2加氢反应的发生.在Zr N3-Gr表面, CO2在共吸附后保持了其单独吸附时的特性,削弱了H2分子的吸附. CO2在Zr Nx-Gr表面催化加氢反应起始于H2和CO2的共吸附构型,沿反式HCOOH路径形成甲酸盐(HCOO*)中间体,然后HCOO*基团吸附H原子形成反式甲酸,在Zr N3-Gr和Zr N4-Gr表面该路径的反应能垒分别为1.85和2.48 e V.另一路径为产生CO与H2O的反应,在Zr N3-Gr和Zr N4-Gr表面的反应能垒分别为1.86和1.73 e V,表明Zr N3-Gr更利于CO2加氢生成甲酸反应的发生,而Zr N4-Gr表面更利于CO的产生.     

二维M-Co3O4负载Ir对香草醛加氢脱氧性能研究

以二维金属-有机框架M-Co₃O₄为载体制备了具有高活性的Ir/M-Co₃O₄催化剂.采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)、 N₂物理吸/脱附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,并研究了催化剂、温度、时间、溶剂等因素对香草醛加氢脱氧反应的影响.结果表明, Ir/M-Co₃O₄催化剂具有较好的普适性和稳定性,在香草醛加氢脱氧制备4-甲基愈创木酚(MMP)反应中表现出较高的活性和选择性,香草醛的转化率达100%, MMP的选择性不低于99%.     

原子层沉积构筑Pd/TiO2限域催化剂及其在1,4-丁炔二醇加氢的应用

利用ALD制备了TiO₂限域的Pd催化剂, 研究了限域空间内Pd纳米颗粒与TiO₂的界面作用对1,4-丁炔二醇(BYD)加氢性能的影响. 相比于管外负载型催化剂, 限域催化剂在催化1,4-丁炔二醇选择性加氢反应中体现出非常高的催化活性和1,4-丁烯二醇的选择性. HR-TEM、 EDX-Mapping、 XRD、 XPS和H₂-TPR表征说明, 限域体系中Pd-TiO₂的界面相互作用强于传统TiO₂表面负载型Pd催化剂, 这种强界面作用不仅能够提高BYD的加氢活性, 也可抑制半加氢产物1,4-丁烯二醇的异构化和深度加氢, 提高1,4-丁烯二醇的选择性, 而且限域结构也可阻止管内壁Pd纳米颗粒的脱落, 提高催化剂的稳定性.     

Pt/MIL-101(Cr)在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中的催化性能

采用简单易行的浸渍法将Pt纳米粒子负载到MIL-101(Cr)上,制备了Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂,并对其在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应的催化性能进行了研究。XRD、N₂吸附、TEM和催化性能的研究结果表明,Pt的负载量对负载于MIL-101(Cr)上Pt纳米粒子的尺寸及所制备催化剂对肉桂醇的选择性有很大影响。低Pt负载量(1.0%)的Pt/MIL-101(Cr)较其他MOFs和无机材料在肉桂醛选择性加氢反应中表现出了高的催化性能,在优化的反应条件下肉桂醛转化率和对肉桂醇的选择性可分别达96.5%和86.2%。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)催化剂具有良好的稳定性。Pt/MIL-101(Cr)所表现出的优良的催化性能同MIL-101(Cr)载体的孔道结构及其表面性质密切相关。     

耐盐吸附树脂对增塑剂DIBP生产废水预处理的研究

采用耐盐吸附树脂NDA-66预处理增塑剂DIBP生产废水,研究了不同吸附剂对DIBP生产废水中主要污染物邻苯二甲酸的吸附脱附效果。实验结果表明,5种吸附剂中,NDA-66树脂对邻苯二甲酸处理效果最好,且符合Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程;动态吸附脱附过程中,单柱吸附量为7BV,最佳流速为1.5BV/h,最佳脱附剂为1BV 8%Na OH+2BV蒸馏水,温度为328K,脱附率能达到99%以上;放大实验过程中,NDA-66耐盐吸附树脂对增塑剂DIBP生产废水中邻苯二甲酸吸附稳定性较好。