Improvement of electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C cathode materials by chlorine doping

The olivine-type cathode materials of LiFePO₄ were prepared via solid-state reaction under argon atmosphere and doped by chlorine to improve their electrochemical performances. The crystal structure, morphology, and electrochemical properties of the prepared samples were investigated using thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and charge–discharge cycle measurements. The result showed that the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄ had been improved by chlorine doping, and the effect of chlorine in lattice was discussed. The heavily doped samples show better electrochemical performance in relative high rates.     

Cu2+离子掺杂钙锰矿的合成及电化学性质研究

采用不同方法制备出单一或掺杂Cu2+离子的钙锰矿, 分析了其隧道或者骨架结构中掺杂Cu2+离子的合成条件, 并应用粉末微电极考察了其电化学活性和稳定性. 单一或骨架中掺杂Cu2+离子的钙锰矿可在常压回流条件下制备; 隧道中掺杂Cu2+离子的钙锰矿须经高温高压热液反应合成, 且反应温度是影响产物纯度的主导因素. 钙锰矿在高pH值溶液中电化学稳定性较好; 骨架中掺杂Cu2+离子可提高钙锰矿的电化学活性和稳定性, 而隧道中掺杂Cu2+离子的钙锰矿电化学活性较低; 结合循环伏安法进一步证明了后者掺杂的Cu2+离子主要位于钙锰矿的隧道中.     

Cu掺杂MgF2晶体的电子结构及光学特性

基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,计算了纯的MgF2晶体和掺杂不同原子分数(2.08%,4.16%,6.24%)Cu的MgF2晶体结构、电学性质以及光学性质.结果表明:Cu的掺入导致MgF2晶体禁带宽度逐渐变窄,并且Cu掺杂使得MgF2晶体折射率和吸收峰增加,特别是在4eV附近区域出现了新吸收峰.同时也给出了引起体系性质变化的物理机制,Cu掺杂MgF2晶体在光电化学方面有着潜在的应用价值.     

聚苯胺在不同防腐应用体系中的应用研究进展

聚苯胺是一种具有导电性能的新型高分子材料,将其应用于防腐涂层中可以通过屏蔽和钝化成膜等作用有效延缓金属的腐蚀。本文分析了聚苯胺的性质及防腐机理,并重点介绍了聚苯胺在不同应用体系中防腐性能的表现。     

Al掺杂及Al_2O_3表面包覆改性尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的电化学性能

合成了含1.5（wt）%Al2O3表面包覆的LiMn2O4和不同摩尔量Al体相掺杂的LiAlxMn2-xO4（x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4）电极材料。利用XRD和FSEM对制备材料的物相和形貌进行表征。结果表明,表面包覆和体相掺杂没有改变尖晶石LiMn2O4的晶体结构,所有衍射峰都归属于Fd3m空间群,但其衍射峰...     

掺杂聚苯乙烯制备研究

 讨论了惯性约束聚变研究中采用化学及物理手段在聚苯乙烯（PS）材料掺杂卤素、硅、氘等非金属元素以及铁、铬、钛等金属元素的原理和方法。利用硅烷偶联剂对氧化物表面进行了预处理，采用本体聚合的方式将氧化物掺杂在PS网络之中，简述了它们在ICF中的应用。     

窄带隙KNb1-xFexO3-δ的室温铁磁性

We have investigated the structure, optical and magnetic properties of ferroelectric KNb_1-xFexO_3-δ (X=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method. According to the X-ray diffraction and the results of Rietveld refinement, all the samples maintain orthorhombic distorted perovskite structures with Amm2 space group without any secondary phase, suggesting the well incorporation of Fe ions into the KNbO₃ matrix. With the increase of Fe concentration, the band gap of each sample is decreased gradually, which is much smaller than the 3.18 eV band gap of pure KNbO₃. Through X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis, the increased density of oxygen vacancy and Fe ions may be responsible for the observed decrease in band gap. Compared with the pure KNbO₃, Fe doped samples exhibit room-temperature weak ferromagnetism. The ferromagnetism in KNb_1-xFexO_3-δ with low-concentration dopants (X=0.01-0.10) can be attributed to the bound magnetic polaron mediated exchange. The enhancement of magnetism for the high-concentration (X=0.10-0.20) doped samples may arise from the further increase of magnetic Fe ions.     

Narrow Band Gap and Roomtemperature Ferromagnetism in KNb1-xFexO3-δ

We have investigated the structure, optical and magnetic properties of ferroelectric KNb_1-xFe_xO_3-δ (X=0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25) synthesized by a traditional solid-state reaction method. According to the X-ray diffraction and the results of Rietveld refinement, all the samples maintain orthorhombic distorted perovskite structures with Amm2 space group without any secondary phase, suggesting the well incorporation of Fe ions into the KNbO₃ matrix. With the increase of Fe concentration, the band gap of each sample is decreased gradually, which is much smaller than the 3.18 eV band gap of pure KNbO₃. Through X-ray photoelectron spectrum analysis, the increased density of oxygen vacancy and Fe ions may be responsible for the observed decrease in band gap. Compared with the pure KNbO₃, Fe doped samples exhibit room-temperature weak ferromagnetism. The ferromagnetism in KNb_1-xFe_xO_3-δ with low-concentration dopants (x=0.01-0.10) can be attributed to the bound magnetic polaron mediated exchange. The enhancement of magnetism for the high-concentration (x=0.10-0.20) doped samples may arise from the further increase of magnetic Fe ions.     

尖晶石型(Zn1-xCdx)2SnO4粉体的制备与光催化性能

运用化学共沉淀法,制备了尖晶石型(Zn1-xCdx)2SnO4(x=0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07,0.08)纳米粉体.通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)、光电子能谱分析(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积分析(BET)及光度法等手段研究了粉体结构及不同掺杂量对光催化活性的影响,确定了最佳掺杂量和热处理温度.以波长λ=312nm的光源对甲基橙水溶液进行光催化降解实验,讨论了光催化剂用量、甲基橙浓度、催化剂烧结时间、试液的pH值、光照时间等与甲基橙脱色率的关系.结果表明,该复合氧化物粉体平均粒径小于30nm,属立方晶系.在实验条件下,Cd2 的加入使Zn2SnO4的光催化活性明显提高,甲基橙的脱色率可达到98%.     

Ca,Sr共掺杂铈氧化物及其在甲烷氧化偶联反应中的应用

采用柠檬酸法制备了Ca,Sr共掺杂的CeO_2催化剂,发现共掺杂催化剂较单掺杂或未掺杂催化剂呈现出更好的催化甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应性能.通过表征可知,Ca,Sr共掺杂催化剂的物相为CeO_2和SrCO_3,Ca高度分散或掺杂于CeO_2之中;CeO_2的粒径明显变小;表面呈中等程度碱性;Ce基催化剂上的亲电氧物种数量随着碱土金属的掺杂而增大,亲电氧物种与晶格氧摩尔比(O_2-2+O-2)/O-2的大小顺序(CeSrCaCe SrCeO_2)与C2选择性一致;且SrCO_3相的存在有助于Ce基氧化物催化甲烷氧化偶联反应(OCM)性能的改善.