To what extent can an uncertainty calculation be general?

 It is argued that results of uncertainty calculations in chemical analysis should be taken into consideration with some caution owing to their limited generality. The issue of the uncertainty in uncertainty estimation is discussed in two aspects. The first is due to the differences between procedure-oriented and result-oriented uncertainty assessments, and the second is due to the differences between the theoretical calculation of uncertainty and its quantication using the validation (experimental) data. It is shown that the uncertainty calculation for instrumental analytical methods using a regression calibration curve is result-oriented and meaningful only until the next calibration. A scheme for evaluation of the uncertainty in uncertainty calculation by statistical analysis of experimental data is given and illustrated with examples from the author's practice. Some recommendations for the design of corresponding experiments are formulated.     

PVC DISULFIDE AS CATHODE MATERIALS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM BATTERIES

PVC disulfide (2SPVC) was synthesized by solution crosslink and its molecular structure was confirmed by infrared spectrum. 2SPVC's specific area is 36.1 m2·g-1 tested by stand BET method, and granularity experiment gives out the particle size of d0.5= 11.3μm. With SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) experiment the surface morphology and particle shape of 2SPVC were observed. Cyclic voltammetry (scan rate: 0.5 mV·s-1) shows that 2SPVC experience an obvious S-S redox reaction in charge-discharge process. When 2SPVC was used as cathode material for secondary lithium battery in a 1 mol·L-1 solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (Li(CF3SO2)2N) in a 5:45:50 volume ratio mixture of o-xylene (oxy), diglyme (DG) and dimethoxymethane (DME) at 30℃, the first discharge capacity of 2SPVC is about 400.3 mAh·g-1 which is very close to its theoretical value (410.5 mAh·g-1) at a constant discharge current of 15 mA·g-1. It can retain at about 346.1 mAh·g-1 of discharge capacity after 30 charge-discharge cycles. So 2SPVC is a very promising cathode candidate for rechargeable lithium batteries.     

Real-time onboard wind and windshear determination,part 2: Detection

This paper is concerned with windshear detection in connection with real-time wind identification (Ref. 1). It presents a comparative evaluation of two techniques, one based on the shear/downdraft factor and one based on the wind difference index. The comparison is done with reference to a particular microburst, that which caused the 1985 crash of Flight Delta 191 at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport.The shear/downdraft factor has the merit of combining the effects of the shear and the downdraft into a single entity. However, its effectiveness is hampered by the fact that, in a real situation, the windshear is accompanied by free-stream turbulence, which tends to blur the resulting signal. In turn, this results in undesirable nuisance warnings if the magnitude of the shear factor due to free-stream turbulence is temporarily larger than that due to true windshear. Therefore, proper filtering is necessary prior to using the shear/downdraft factor in detection and guidance. One effective way for achieving this goal is to average the shear/downdraft factor over a specified time interval . The effect of on the average shear/downdraft factor is studied.     

Real-time onboard wind and windshear determination,part 1: Identification

Standard wind identification techniques employed in the analysis of aircraft accidents are post-facto techniques; they are processed after the event has taken place and are based on the complete time histories of the DFDR/ATCR data along the entire trajectory. By contrast, real-time wind identification techniques are processed while the event is taking place; they are based solely on the knowledge of the preceding time histories of the DFDR/ATCR data.In this paper, a real-time wind identification technique is developed. First, a 3D-kinematic approach is employed in connection with the DFDR/ATCR data covering the time interval preceding the present time instant. The aircraft position, inertial velocity, and accelerometer bias are determined by matching the flight trajectory computed from the DFDR data with the flight trajectory available from the ATCR data. This leads to a least-square problem, which is solved analytically every seconds, with / small.With the inertial velocity and accelerometer bias known, an extrapolation process takes place so as to predict the inertial velocity profile over the subsequent -subinterval. At the end of this subinterval, the extrapolated inertial velocity and the newly identified inertial velocity are statistically reconciled and smoothed. Then, the process of identification, extrapolation, reconciliation, and smoothing is repeated. Subsequently, the wind is computed as the difference between the inertial velocity and the airspeed, which is available from the DFDR data. With the wind identified, windshear detection can take place (Ref. 1).As an example, the real-time wind identification technique is applied to Flight Delta 191, which crashed at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport on August 2, 1985. The numerical results show that the wind obtained via real-time identification is qualitatively and quantitatively close to the wind obtained via standard identification. This being the case, it is felt that real-time wind identification can be useful in windhsear detection and guidance, above all if the shear/downdraft factor signal is replaced by the wind difference signal (Ref. 1).This paper and its companion (Ref. 1) are based on Refs. 2–4.This research was supported by the Aviation Research and Education Foundation and by Texas Advanced Technology Program, Grant No. TATP-003604020.     

热敏电阻温度计的设计与制作

本文介绍了设计性实验“热敏电阻的设计与制作”的实施情况。说明了只要选题合适、要求恰当,设计性实验不仅可行,而且对物理实验训练的总结提高十分有效。     

用“参数多项式方法”确定风力透平叶片的失速振荡流

用“参数多项式方法”确定风力透平叶片的失速振荡流陈佐一,孙永忠,杨玲（清华大学热能工程系北京１０００８４）关键词：参数多项式方法,风力透平,颤振在现代各类流动诱导振动问题的研究中,流体激振的安全性分析与诊断,要求在较短的时间内,对大量的复杂流动工况进...     

热致液晶乙基纤维素与尼龙－1010共混物的研究

在自制单螺杆小型挤出机上通过熔融共混的办法，制备了不同配比（５／９５—２５／７５）的ＥＣ／Ｎｙｌｏｎ—１０１０共混物．用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、毛细管流变仪、力学性能测试等方法对共混物进行了研究．发现共混后尼龙－１０１０的形态结构有明显改变，其强度、模量都有提高，在高剪切速率下，共混物粘度大大降低．配比为１５８５时，这些性能的改进尤为明显．     

络合滴定法测定钙含量微型实验研究

利用微型滴定法测定含钙制品中的Ca2 含量,并对微型滴定法与常量滴定法的平行测定结果进行了比较。结果两种方法无显著性差异,F检验t检验结果均在允许范围内,相对偏差均小于2.0%,微型滴定法的精度达到常量滴定法测定水平,能满足化学分析要求。     

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF TAIHU LAKE AND RECENT DEPOSITION

Situated in the Taihu plain between the mouth of the Changjiang River and theHangzhou Bay, the Taihu Lake is a large shallow-water lake in China with a surface area of 2427.8 km~2.The lake bottom mainly consists of loess-like sediment. Some buried and silted up channels and residual depressions can be found at the bottom and a lot of Neolithic cultural relics on the loess-like sediment. This indicated that the Taihu Lake was formed on the alluvial plain charaterized by widely deposited loess-like sediment because of siltation and stagnancy of water, instead of by development from lagoons as reported in the past.Recent deposition including influent-effluent current accumulation, wind-driven current and storm deposition in this lake occurred mainly in the south, the west shore and the midst of the lake.The sedimentary rate in the east Taihu Lake is about 1.7-1.8 mm/a, whereas in the west Taihu Lake it is about 0.41 ram/a, only 23％ of that of the former.     

精品课程教材《高分子物理实验》建设的体会——三个及时融入

中国科学技术大学"高分子物理实验"课程是2006年安徽省精品课程,作者结合教学研究和精品课程建设经验,总结出了"三个及时融入"的教材建设理念,本文结合实例对该理念的具体含义进行了阐述.