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71.
Exhaled breath condensate is a promising, non-invasive, diagnostic sample obtained by condensation of exhaled breath. Starting from a historical perspective of early attempts of breath testing towards the contemporary state-of-the-art breath analysis, this review article focuses mainly on the progress in determination of non-volatile compounds in exhaled breath condensate. The mechanisms by which the aerosols/droplets of non-volatile compounds are formed in the airways are discussed with methodological consequences for sampling. Dilution of respiratory droplets is a major problem for correct clinical interpretation of the measured data and there is an urgent need for standardization of EBC. This applies also for collection instrumentation and therefore various commercial and in-house built devices are described and compared with regard to their design, function and collection parameters. The analytical techniques and methods for determination of non-volatile compounds as potential markers of oxidative stress and lung inflammation are scrutinized with an emphasis on method suitability, sensitivity and appropriateness. The relevance of clinical findings for each group of possible non-volatile markers of selected pulmonary diseases and methodological recommendations with emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration that is essential for future development into a fully validated clinical diagnostic tool are given. 相似文献
72.
多元统计分析在多指标实际问题的研究中起着重要的作用.以往文献中,一般采用某一种多元统计方法对一个多指标实际问题进行研究,但其结果存在一定的偏差性.采用四种典型的多元统计方法:主成分分析法、因子分析法、分层聚类和K-均值聚类方法对同一个多指标银行问题进行研究,并对四种方法的不同结果进行比较综合分析,这样可以避免单一方法的偏差性,以便得到的结果更合理、更具有说服力. 相似文献
73.
《Journal of separation science》2017,40(8):1667-1673
An ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method coupled with principal component analysis was developed and applied to the identification of Cornu Antelopis, Cornu Bubali, Cornu Naemorhedi, and Cornu Bovis. The data obtained from the trypsin‐digested samples were subjected to principal component analysis to classify these four cornua. Additionally, marker peptides of the cornua were determined by orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, and fragmentation tandem mass spectra of these marker peptides were evaluated. The results from this study indicate that the proposed method is reliable, and it has been successfully applied to the identification of variants of cornua commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. 相似文献
74.
75.
Georgia W. Hodges Deborah Tippins J. Steve Oliver 《School science and mathematics》2013,113(6):263-274
Science teacher retention, attrition, and migration continue to perplex educational scholars, political entities, as well as the general public. This study utilized an interpretive methodological design to generate assertions regarding career choice made by highly qualified science teachers in the deep, rural South through analysis of documents, interviews, focus groups, and observation. Generally considered “difficult to staff” because of location, socioeconomics, and demographics, Wilson County High School is an exemplar in science teacher retention and student achievement. Findings presented include how the science department at Wilson County improved student learning outcomes as well as the reasons why two of the highly qualified science teachers at this school were considering leaving the profession they love. 相似文献
76.
在前人工作的基础上,运用一元三次方程的理论直接求解应力状态的特征方程,得到了实用的主应力计算公式. 相似文献
77.
Verena Bögelein Frank Duzaar Leah Schätzler Christoph Scheven 《Journal of Differential Equations》2019,266(11):7709-7748
We establish that solutions to the Cauchy–Dirichlet problem for functionals of linear growth can be obtained as limits of solutions to flows with p-growth in the limit . The result can be interpreted on the one hand as a stability result. On the other hand it provides an existence result for general flows with linear growth. 相似文献
78.
Serum pharmacochemistry combined with multiple data processing approach to screen the bioactive components and their metabolites in Mutan Cortex by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry 下载免费PDF全文
Jian‐hua Liu Hui Sun Ai‐hua Zhang Guang‐li Yan Ying Han Chang‐song Xue Xiao‐hang Zhou Hui Shi Xi‐jun Wang 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2014,28(4):500-510
Root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews (Paeoniaceae), known as Moutan Cortex (MC), is known to have anti‐allergic and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the constituents absorbed into blood after oral administration of MC remain unknown. A sensitive and rapid method by ultra‐high‐pressure liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS) technology and the MetaboLynxTM software combined with multiple data processing approach (Mdpa) was established to investigate the absorbed constituents in rats after oral administration of MC, providing unique high‐throughput capabilities for drug metabolism study. A hyphenated electrospray ionization and quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight analyzer was used for the determination of accurate mass of the fragment ion in negative mode, with excellent MS mass accuracy and enhanced data acquisition. This rapid automated analysis method was successfully applied for screening and identification of the constituents absorbed and metabolized studies of MC after oral administration to rats. A total of 46 peaks were obtained from MC, 41 of which were tentatively characterized. In the VIP‐plot of orthogonal partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, 23 interesting ions in serum samples were extracted, and 16 parent components and seven metabolites were detected in vivo. The integrative serum pharmacochemistry technique, UPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS, and Mdpa method were successfully applied for rapid discovery of multiple components from MC. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
79.
Xiao-Ying Yu Jennifer Yao Edgar C. Buck Zihua Zhu 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2020,52(7):454-459
Trace analysis of nuclear materials in solid particles collected in the environment or particles in liquid slurry generated in nuclear material manufacturing processes can pinpoint elemental, organic, and isotopic signatures of nuclear fuel cycle activities and processes. Such information can support nuclear safeguards programs by increasing our ability to detect undeclared nuclear materials, routine activities for safeguarding at declared facilities, and illicit activities. However, trace radioactive material analysis in liquids and slurries is challenging using bulk approaches. For example, one drawback of sensitive analysis such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is that sample is consumed or destroyed as a result of the technical approach. We developed a vacuum compatible microfluidic interface to enable surface analysis of liquids and solid–liquid interactions using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In this work, we illustrate the initial results from the analysis of liquid uranium oxide standard solutions using in situ liquid SIMS. Because the liquid SIMS analysis is almost nondestructive, the same sample can then be analyzed by other analytical techniques or saved for future reference. Consequently, multimodal analysis is possible. Our results demonstrate that in situ liquid SIMS can be used as a new approach to analyze radioactive materials in liquid and slurry forms of relevance to diverse applications. 相似文献
80.
为了处理图像、计算机视觉和生物信息等领域中广泛存在的稀疏大噪声和高斯噪声问题,提出了一种利用交替方向最小化思想求解主成分追求松弛模型的泰勒展开交替最小化算法(TEAM).采用推广泰勒展开和收缩算子等技术推导出低秩矩阵和稀疏大噪声矩阵的迭代方向矩阵,加入连续技术提高算法的收敛速率,设计出TEAM算法的求解步骤.实验中,将TEAM算法与该领域的顶级算法作分析对比.结果表明,TEAM算法时间优势明显,误差优势略好. 相似文献