葡萄糖和水混合溶液多组分电解质热力学 Ⅱ.HCl-NaCl-d-Glucose-H_2O体系(5—45℃)

本文续前报在恒定溶液总离子强度I=1.00mol·kg~(-1),改变葡萄糖在混合溶液中的质量百分数x=5%、15%和20%的条件下,应用电动势法测定了无液接界电池(A)和电池(B)的电动势: Pt,H_2(1.013×10~5Pa)|HCl(m),d-Glucose(x),H_2O(1-x)|AgCl-Ag (A) Pt,H_2(1.013×10~5Pa)|HCl(m_A),NaCl(m_B),d-Glucose(x),H_2O(1-x)|AgCl-Ag(B) 其中x代表葡萄糖在水中的质量百分数,m_A和m_B分别是HCl和NaCl在混合溶液中的质量摩浓度。利用电池(A)的电动势数据得到了AgCl-Ag电极在d-Glucose-H_2O混合溶液中的标准电极电势Φ_m~0,讨论了HCl的迁移性质,利用电池(B)的电动势数据,确定了HCl在HCl-NaCl-d-Glucse-H_2O体系中的活度系数γ_A,实验结果表明:在恒定总离子强度下,HCl的活度系数服从Harned规则。HCl的迁移自由能与葡萄糖的质量百分数x成线性关系。计算了HCl     

Diffusion in organic solvents: Interdiffusion coefficient of 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane

Interdiffusion coefficient have been measured for 1,1,2,2-tetrabromoethane in 21 organic solvents in order to ascertain the influence of shape, size, viscosity, nature and degree of branching, of the solvent molecules on transport properties. None of the existing correlations for diffusion in binary liquid systems appear to fit all the experimental data. Steric effects due to the solvent molecules are shown to be very important in the interpretation of the diffusion process.     

Cu，Pd－ZSM－5上NO分解和CO氧化的催化作用

双交换Ｃｕ，ｐｄ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂（Ｃｕ交换度为１０５％，Ｐｄ交换度分别为３．４％和３３％）对ＣＯ氧化反应有活性增强作用，对ＮＯ分解反应不存在增强效应．双交换催化剂在于交换程序不同，而表面物种不同，活性组分的分布状态不同，因而有不同的活性．先交换Ｃｕ，４００℃焙烧后再交换ｐｄ的Ｃｕ－Ｐｄ－ＺＳＭ－５催化剂，对上述两类反应的活性存双组分催化剂中均为最高．Ｈ_２－ＴＰＲ谱表明，共交换的Ｃｕ－Ｐｄ－ＺＳＭ－５中尚有部分ＣｕＣｌ＋占据了部分交换位置，而使ＣＯ氧化活性稍有下降．Ｎ_２－ＤＴＡ和Ｈ_２－ＴＰＲ谱结果表明，Ｐｄ交换到Ｃｕ－ＺＳＭ－５中后，抑制了吸附水和水合铜化合物的形成，由此提高了在２００—３００℃时氧的吸附量．后者的大小和ＣＯ氧化活性有顺变关系．Ｎ_２－ＤＴＡ谱中３４０—４４５℃的放热峰可能分别表征了和ＮＯ分解活性有关的铜氧桥或把氧桥的形成，该放热峰的峰温愈低，峰面积愈大，则ＮＯ分解活性愈高．     

A theoretical evaluation of steric and electronic effects on the structure of [OSO4 (NR3)] (NR3 = bulky chiral alkaloid derivative) complexes

Summary The novel theoretical scheme IMOMM, integrating ab initio and molecular mechanics contributions in a single geometry optimization process, is applied to the structural determination of different [OsO₄(NR₃)] (NR₃ = bulky chiral alkaloid derivative) species closely related to active catalysts for the asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins. Computed values compare in a satisfactory way with available X-ray data, the relationship between the Os-N distance and the nature of the NR₃, ligand being properly reproduced. The computational scheme allows the separate quantification of electronic and steric effects, as well as the identification of the specific steric repulsions responsible for the difference.     

MNDO study of reaction paths: Diboration of acetylene

The reaction of B₂H₄ with acetylene has been studied by the MNDO method. It is shown that the reaction is exothermic and proceeds in two steps. The first step is the formation of a three-center -complex and this is the rate-determining step of the reaction. The second step is the rearrangement of the -complex to the product and this step requires a very small amount of activation energy. The activation barrier for the diboration reaction is 12.8 kcal/mol.The proposed mechanism is significantly different from those proposed earlier and explains all experimental data relating to this reaction.     

Simple evaluation of Franck–Condon factors and non‐Condon effects in the Morse potential

The calculation of Franck–Condon factors between different 1‐D Morse potential eigenstates using a formula derived from the Wigner function is discussed. Our numerical calculations using a simple program written in Mathematica are compared with other calculations. We show that our results have a similar accuracy as those calculations performed with more sophisticated methods. We discuss the extension of our method to include non‐Condon effects in the calculation. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem 88: 280–295, 2002     

The "invisible" 13C NMR chemical shift of the central carbon atom in [(Ph3PAu)6C]2+: a theoretical investigation

The experimental 13C NMR chemical shift of the central carbon atom in the octahedral [(Ph3PAu)6C]2+ cluster was investigated on the basis of relativistic density functional calculations. In order to arrive at independent model conclusions regarding the value of the chemical shift, a systematic study of the dependence of the cluster structure on the phosphine ligands, the chosen density functionals, and the basis set size was conducted. The best structures obtained were then used in the NMR calculations. Because of the cage-like cluster structure a pronounced deshielding of the central carbon nucleus could have been expected. However, upon comparison with the 13C NMR properties of the related complex [C{Au[P(C6H5)2(p-C6H4NMe2)]}6]2+, Schmidbaur et al. have assigned a signal at delta=135.2 ppm to the interstitial carbon atom. Our calculations confirm this value in the region of the aromatic carbon atoms of the triphenylphosphine ligands. The close-lying signals of the 108 phenyl carbon atoms can explain the difficulties of assigning them experimentally.     

Electrostatic calculation of the substituent effect: an efficient test on isolated molecules

The energy of a disubstituted molecule has often been approximated by simple electrostatic formulas that represent the substituents as poles or dipoles. Herein, we test this approach on a new model system that is more direct and more efficient than testing on acid-base properties. The energies of 27 1,4-derivatives of bicyclo[2.2.2]octane were calculated within the framework of the density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level; interaction of the two substituents was evaluated in terms of isodesmic homodesmotic reactions. This interaction energy, checked previously on some experimental gas-phase acidities, was considered to be accurate and served as reference to test the electrostatic approximation. This approximation works well in the qualitative sense as far as the sign and the order of magnitude are concerned: beginning with the strongest interaction between two poles, a weaker interaction between pole and dipole, and the weakest between two dipoles. However, all the electrostatic calculations yield energies that are too small, particularly for weak interaction, and this fundamental defect is not remedied by some possible improvements. In particular, variation of the effective permittivity would require a physically impossible value less than unity. The explanation must lie in a more complex distribution of electron density than anticipated in the electrostatic model. It also follows that possible conclusions about the transmission of substituent effects "through space" have little validity.     

Substituent effects on the kinetics for the chemiluminescence reaction of 6-arylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-ones (Cypridina luciferin analogues): support for the single electron transfer (SET)-oxygenation mechanism with triplet molecular oxygen

Kinetics of chemiluminescence reactions of 2-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one (1c, Cypridina luciferin analogue) and substituent effects of the 6-aryl group of derivatives 1 strongly suggest that the rate-determining step is a single electron transfer from an anion derived from 1 to a triplet molecular oxygen (O₂) in the oxygenation process.