Photokilling Squamous Carcinoma Cells SCCVII with Ultrafine Particles of Selected Metal Oxides

The ability of ultrafine particles of TiO₂, WO₃ and iron-doped TiO₂ to kill cancer cells in the presence of UV irradiation was investigated. The best photokilling effect on carcinoma cells SCVII cultured in vitro showed iron-doped TiO₂ ultrafine particles synthesized by the sol-gel procedure with starting chemicals Ti(IV)-isopropoxide and anhydrous Fe(II)-acetate. It was found that a small particle size and high dispersity influenced citotoxicity and photocatalytic efficiency. The remarkable photokiling effect of highly iron-doped TiO₂ ultrafine particles (the molar ratio Fe/Ti = 0.136) in the presence of UV irradiation was observed. The influence of ultrafine metal oxide particles on the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation was measured using a ³H-thymidine incorporation test. The possible mechanism involved in the photokilling of carcinoma cells with ultrafine particles of selected metal oxides was discussed.     

二甲醚燃料电池复合镍阳极的研究

制备并表征了二甲醚(DME)固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFCs)系列Ni-Fe-La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.115Co0.085O3(LSGMC8.5) 复合阳极, 电极中Ni与Fe的摩尔比分别为9:1、8:2、7:3、5:5, 电极中Ni-Fe的总质量分数为75%. 利用多种技术考察了电极的物相组成, 电极以及电极/电解质界面的微观结构, 电极/电解质界面上进行的DME电化学氧化反应. 结果表明, 复合阳极中Fe含量的增加促进了电极的烧结, 同时改变了电极/电解质界面的微观结构. 电极催化DME电化学氧化的活性依赖于Ni、Fe的比例, Ni、Fe的摩尔比为8:2的电极具有最高的电化学活性. Ni-Fe-LSGMC8.5电极具有较高的催化DME氧化反应的活性与稳定性, 没有观察到电极中存在明显的积碳现象.     

酶生物燃料电池

综述了酶生物燃料电池的研究进展，特别是近年来在电池结构、性能以及电池的正极和负极研究等方面的成果。详细介绍了酶燃料电池中酶电极的制备方法和用于酶电极修饰材料的研究现状，对酶燃料电池研究中需要解决的问题和发展方向进行了探讨。     

Energetics of magnesium, strontium, and barium doped lanthanum gallate perovskites

LaGaO₃ perovskites doped with Sr or Ba at the La site and Mg at the Ga site were prepared by solid-state reaction or sol-gel method and characterized. Enthalpies of formation from constituent oxides at 298 K were determined by high-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. Energetic trends are discussed in terms of defect chemistry. As oxygen deficiency increases, formation enthalpies define three trends, LaGa_1−yMg_yO_3−δ (LGM), La_1−xSr_xGa_1−yMg_yO_3−δ (LSGM), and La_1−xBa_xGa_1−yMg_yO_3−δ (LBGM). They become less exothermic with increasing doping, suggesting a dominant destabilization effect from oxygen vacancies. The endothermic enthalpy of vacancy formation is 275±37, 166±18 and 138±12 kJ/mol of V_O^·· for LGM, LBGM and LSGM, respectively. Tolerance factor and ion size mismatch also affect enthalpies. In terms of energetics, Sr is the best dopant for the La site and Mg for the Ga site, supporting earlier studies, including oxygen ion conductivity and computer modeling.     

再生燃料电池的研究与应用

与传统二次电池（铅酸蓄电池、锂电池）相比，再生燃料电池在储能时间、能量密度、使用寿命和环境保护方面占有优势，可广泛应用于航天、军事领域和现场蓄能系统。本文介绍了再生燃料电池的原理、分类和应用情况，详细阐述了再生燃料电池双效电极和双效电极催化剂的制备方法以及水热管理的研究进展，指出再生燃料电池的不足之处并进行了展望。     

Study of transition metal oxide doped LaGaO3 as electrode materials for LSGM-based solid oxide fuel cells

Transition metal oxide doped lanthanum gallates, La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8M_0.2O₃ (where M=Co, Mn, Cr, Fe, or V), are studied as mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) for electrode applications. The electrochemical properties of these materials in air and in H₂ are characterized using impedance spectroscopy, open cell voltage measurement, and gas permeation measurement. Three single cells based on La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8 Mg_0.2O₃ (LSGM) electrolyte (1.13 to 1.65 mm thick) but with different electrode materials are studied under identical conditions to characterize the effectiveness of the lanthanum gallate-based MIECs for electrode applications. At 800 °C, a single cell using La_0.9Sr_0.1- Ga_0.8Co_0.2O₃ as the cathode and La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mn_0.2O₃ as the anode shows a maximum power density of 88 mW/cm², which is better than that of a cell using Pt as both electrodes (20 mW/cm²) and that of a cell using La_0.6Sr_0.4CoO₃ (LSC) as the cathode and CeO₂-Ni as the anode (61 mW/cm²) under identical conditions. The performance of LSGM-based fuel cells with MIEC electrodes may be further improved by reducing the electrolyte thickness and by optimizing the microstructures of the electrodes through processing. Received: 9 January 1998 / Accepted: 1 May 1998     

XPS in‐depth composition study on commercial monocrystalline silicon solar cells

From large‐scale production, two monocrystalline silicon solar cells of different quality, i.e. I_SC = 3.0 A (good cell) and I_SC = 1.6 A (bad cell), have been studied by XPS combined with 4 keV Ar⁺ depth profiling. Depth profiling was carried out through the anti‐reflection coating (TiO₂), the passivation layer (SiO₂) and up into the phosphorus‐doped silicon bulk. At the solar cell surface the elemental composition is similar for both cells, although the bad one presents slightly more carbon, phosphorus and lead but less silver than the good one. During profiling, carbon and silver could be followed by XPS. It was found that the carbon content is distinguishably higher in the bad cell than in the good one. Furthermore, it was found that silver atoms have not diffused in the same way in both cells. Only the good cell presents silver atoms up into the silicon bulk. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The use of 1H NMR microscopy to study proton-exchange membrane fuel cells.

To understand proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) better, researchers have used several techniques to visualize their internal operation. This Concept outlines the advantages of using 1H NMR microscopy, that is, magnetic resonance imaging, to monitor the distribution of water in a working PEMFC. We describe what a PEMFC is, how it operates, and why monitoring water distribution in a fuel cell is important. We will focus on our experience in constructing PEMFCs, and demonstrate how 1H NMR microscopy is used to observe the water distribution throughout an operating hydrogen PEMFC. Research in this area is briefly reviewed, followed by some comments regarding challenges and anticipated future developments.     

直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂研究进展

总结了近年来直接甲醇燃料电池阳极催化剂的研究工作，探讨了甲醇的电催化反应机理，阐述了设计催化剂的基本原则，同时对目前研究的各种催化体系作了比较和评价。对未来甲醇电催化剂的发展作出展望。     

New Type High Efficient Quasi-Solid-State Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

For the fist time the preparation of a mostly solid-state high efficiem electro-conductive material comprising 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide （MPII）, benzimidazole （BI）, iodine and lithium iodide was reported. In this electrolyte, BI acts as not only additives but also gelators. With its significant electrochemical properties, an overall efficiency of 3.07% was achieved under AM 1.5 （100 mW/cm^2）.