The effects of flow rate and distance travelled on the mobility of phosphate in soils

Effects of flow rate and distance travelled on average mobilities of phosphate in a soil are estimated from breakthrough curves of phosphate at the outlets of small columns of soil, following step increases in the concentration at the inlets. Experimental results are compared with results from a computer simulation model of leached columns of soil.Average mobilities of phosphate in columns of soil, following a step increase in the input concentration, decrease with decreasing rate of flow and with increasing distance travelled and appear to be linearly correlated on a logarithmic scale with both flow rate and distance travelled. An empirical equation, describing these relationships, is fitted to data from leaching experiments at flow rates between 30 and 600 cm/day in 10 cm long columns of soil. Coefficients are obtained by curve fitting breakthrough curves, calculated with a numerical computer simulation model, to experimental breakthrough curves. The fitted equation enables extrapolation to flow rates and travel distances that are more relevant to a field situation.     

高性能固化剂在天津软弱地基加固的应用

通过对高性能 (AS系列 )固化剂与水泥的对比试验 ,研究其在天津软弱地基加固中适用性和优越性 ,并得出一套实用的固化剂加固软土地基的施工设计参数     

有限厚度砂床对波浪载荷的响应

本文采用水-土两相介质混合物的连续介质力学理论分析了有限厚度砂床对波浪载荷的响应。土床看作饱和孔隙弹性介质,用Biot理论来描述流动和变形的耦合效应,波浪用线性水波描述。在上述假设下得到了描述土床对波浪载荷响应的基本方程。用解沂-数值方法给出了土床中位移、应力和孔隙水压力的分布并将理沦计算结果与波浪-砂床模型试验的实验资料进行了比较。文章还对影响土床对波浪响应的参量特性进行了分析和讨论。根据参量研究、理论计算与实验资料比较的结果,可以得出结论:本文所提供的理论模型和计算方法能用来估算海床对波浪载荷的影响。     

Effects of NAPL Contaminants on the Permeability of a Soil‐Bentonite Slurry Wall Material

Soilbentonite slurry walls are designed to inhibit the subsurface movement of contaminants from hazardous waste sites. Although it is generally accepted that high concentrations of organic compounds will adversely affect soilbentonite slurry walls and clay liners, previous research investigating the effects of NAPLs on the conductivity of clay wall materials has been inconclusive. In this study the effects of various organics (benzene, aniline, trichloroethylene, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride) on the effective conductivity of a typical soilbentonite slurry wall material were studied under two effective stress conditions, 200 and 52kPa. The hydraulic conductivity for the soilbentonite material permeated with water averaged 1.52×10^-8cms^-1. Compared to water, there was little change in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a solution containing a NAPL compound at its solubility limit, except for aniline. However, there was a one to two order of magnitude decrease in conductivity when the sample was permeated with a pure NAPL for all NAPLs tested. When the soilbentonite material was permeated with a water/NAPL/water/NAPL sequence, the conductivity decreased one to two orders of magnitude when a NAPL was introduced following water; however, when water was reintroduced after the NAPL, the conductivity increased to the initial hydraulic conductivity. The conductivity again decreased one to two orders of magnitude when the NAPL was reintroduced. This trend occurred for all NAPLs tested, and the fluid properties of the NAPL compounds alone did not account for the decrease in conductivity compared to water.     

坡面流及土壤侵蚀动力学（II）——————土壤侵蚀

介绍了坡面土壤侵蚀的基本特征和主要类型, 综述了坡面土壤侵蚀动力学过程和预报模型等方面的研究进展, 包括土壤表层结皮、雨滴溅蚀、片流侵蚀、细沟侵蚀、坡面流输沙、土壤侵蚀界限坡度, 以及土壤侵蚀预报模型等. 并简要讨论了土壤侵蚀动力学研究的发展趋势.     

On the Validity of Darcy's Law for Stable High-Concentration Displacements in Granular Porous Media

Recently, it has been suggested that Darcy's Law might not be applicable for modelling miscible, density-dependent flow in porous media. To investigate this, three sets of careful laboratory column experiments were performed on coarse and medium sands, consisting of upward displacement of water by sodium chloride solutions with concentrations ranging from 5 to 200g/l. Data on salt concentrations and water pressures were collected in horizontal transects along the flow direction. Salt concentration data were also collected in the influent and exit lines. The experimental data were analysed using a simplified approach based on Darcy's Law alone, applied with the assumption of a sharp interface. Darcy's Law was used to estimate porous medium permeability by fitting predictions to experimental data. Consistent estimates of permeability were obtained for each set of experiments. The results indicate that Darcy's Law adequately describes high concentration displacements through saturated coarse- and medium-grained porous media.     

非饱和土的广义朗肯土压力

本文从 4条基本假设出发 ,建立了非饱和土的广义朗肯土压力公式 ,采用理想试验对该公式进行了验证 ,在北京地铁13号线的东直门车站基坑工程中理论分析结果和实测值非常接近 ,证明了该理论的有效性。土的广义朗肯土压力公式建立了土的试验指标与原位指标的关系 ,从理论上给出了用土的试验指标得到原位主动 (被动 )土压力的方法。对于非饱和土 ,采用简单易得的直剪试验指标应用广义朗肯土压力公式就可以得到相当精确的结果 ,弥补了扩展朗肯土压力理论的不足。而且广义朗肯土压力公式能够合理利用已有的工程经验和工程数据 ,为非饱和土力学的工程实用化提供了一条新的思路。     

CO2 will probably not help to save Venice from the sea

It has been proposed to rise Venice by injecting CO₂ into an aquifer lying 600–800 m below its lagoon. It is shown that because of the prevailing ambient conditions in the aquifer phase change of CO₂ cannot be avoided. The ensuing change of specific volume and compressibility will inhibit a uniform uplift pattern which is needed to avoid cracks in historical buildings. Further, both liquid and gaseous CO₂ produce capillary effects at the contact surface with water in the voids of the reservoir rock and this affects its mechanical response. Hence further non homogeneity in the uplift pattern will be produced. This prevents the use of CO₂ in the proposed conditions.     

基于吸力量测确定膨胀土活动带和裂隙深度

采用M itchell公式和裂隙扩展深度方程两种吸力法确定安康地区膨胀土大气影响深度和裂隙开展深度。其一通过对安康地区两处天然边坡开挖观测井,利用张力计进行不同深度处吸力值的现场量测,根据M itchell提出公式计算大气影响深度;其二根据非饱和土抗拉强度公式,建立膨胀土裂隙扩展深度方程,利用基质吸力量测结果求其理论解。结果表明,安康地区膨胀土吸力变化曲线随深度增加变幅减小,呈“波浪式”推移。M itchell公式确定安康地区膨胀土的大气影响深度为3.35m以内,裂隙深度方程确定裂隙开展深度为3.06³.14m。利用M itchell公式计算大气影响深度与膨胀土断裂理论公式确定的裂隙开展深度结果接近。     

天然盐渍土冻融循环时水盐迁移规律及强度变化试验研究

通过对新疆喀什地区12处天然盐渍土室内基本性质试验分析,选取典型天然盐渍土,在开放系统中进行反复冻融循环条件下的试验研究。研究了天然盐渍土在多次冻融循环时的水分和盐分迁移规律及强度变化特征。试验结果表明:经多次冻融循环,低液限粘土试样水分重分布与盐分重分布有很大的一致性,水分和盐分自下而上迁移;试样粘聚力自下而上线形减小,内摩擦角呈s形分布。含砂低液限粘土试样冻融循环过程中,易溶盐均随水分向冷端面迁移,离子剖面呈现中间大两端小的趋势;试样粘聚力呈反s形分布,内摩擦角均呈s形分布。