Increasing heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluid in rectangular microchannel with triangular ribs

In this study, computational fluid dynamics and the laminar flow of the non-Newtonian fluid have been numerically studied. The cooling fluid includes water and 0.5 wt% Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) making the non-Newtonian fluid. In order to make the best of non-Newtonian nanofluid in this simulation, solid nanoparticles of Aluminum Oxide have been added to the non-Newtonian fluid in volume fractions of 0–2% with diameters of 25, 45 and 100 nm. The supposed microchannel is rectangular and two-dimensional in Cartesian coordination. The power law has been used to speculate the dynamic viscosity of the cooling nanofluid. The field of numerical solution is simulated in the Reynolds number range of 5 < Re < 300. A constant heat flux of 10,000 W/m² is exercised on the lower walls of the studied geometry. Further, the effect of triangular ribs with angle of attacks of 30°, 45° and 60° is studied on flow parameters and heat transfer due to the fluid flow. The results show that an increase in the volume fraction of nanoparticles as well as the use for nanoparticles with smaller diameters lead to greater heat transfer. Among all the studied forms, the triangular rib from with an angle of attack 30° has the biggest Nusselt number and the smallest pressure drop along the microchannel. Also, an increase in the angle of attack and as a result of a sudden contact between the fluid and the ribs and also a reduction in the coflowing length (length of the rib) cause a cut in heat transfer by the fluid in farther parts from the solid wall (tip of the rib).     

Numerical study of turbulent flow over two‐dimensional surface‐mounted ribs in a channel

This study accurately predicts the cases of turbulent flow around a surface‐mounted two‐dimensional rib with varying lengths. The numerical method employs a differencing scheme for integrating the elliptic Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the continuity equation. A two‐equation k–ε turbulence model is employed to simulate the turbulent transport quantities and close the solving problem. The near‐wall regions of the separated sides of the rib are resolved by a near‐wall model of a two‐layer approach instead of the wall function approximation. Computations for flow over a surface‐mounted rectangular rib are conducted for the variations in the rib lengths. Results indicate that upstream of the obstacle, the length of the recirculating region remains unchanged with varying rib lengths; while the downstream length of the recirculating region is a strong function of rib length and changes nearly linearly for the varying lengths of B/H=0.1 to B/H=4.0. Reattachment on top of the rib, owing to its increasing length, affects the downstream boundary layer development. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Centrifugal instability and the rib vortices in the cylinder wake

The physical mechanism for generation of streamwise vortices (or rib vortices) in the cylinder wake is numerically investigated with a finite-difference scheme. Rayleigh's theory of centrifugal instability for inviscid axisymmetric flow is extended to analyze the 2-D primary flows. Accordingly, an analytical dimensionless groupRay=−(r/v _θ)∂v _θ/∂r−1 is derived, wherev _θ represents the velocity of a fluid element relative to the oncoming flow,r is the local curvature radius of the element pathline. Centrifugal instability occurs whenRay>0. Stability analyses are carried out with this discriminant for primary flows at different time levels in a half shedding period of the von Kármán (or vK) vortices. Unstable areas are identified and the locations of rib vortices are coincident well with the unstable areas within the first wavelength of vK vortices behind the cylinder. The numerical results also show that rib vortices experience amplification in this region. It is apparent that centrifugal instability plays an important role in the generation of rib vortices in the cylinder wake. The project spported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

一种模拟倾斜折射率界面光波导的新方法

针对传统离散格式下，束传播方法(BPM)模拟倾斜折射率界面出现的问题，提出了一种简明且易于编程实现的改进方案. 在横向上，通过坐标系变换和插值处理，以新颖的7点差分格式代替传统的5点差分方式；在纵向上，以四阶显式Runge-Kutta方法(RKBPM)代替二阶Crank-Nicholson算法(CNBPM)，避免了求解不规则矩阵方程，从而使计算效率显著提高. 关键词： 束传播方法 Runge-Kutta方法 光波导 脊形波导     

梯形截面脊波导的特性分析

提出了用有效折射率法结合转移矩阵理论对梯形截面脊波导进行数值分析的新方法。对梯形截面脊波导中模式传播常数和模式间耦合系数的分析表明,梯形截面脊波导与稍宽的矩形截面脊波导行为相同。这一结论有利于简化梯形截面脊波导的设计,提高实际器件的精度。     

SOI梯形大截面单模脊形波导的研制

报道了硅片直接键合ＳＯＩ单模梯形大截面脊形波导的研制，对于小长为１．３μｍ的光这种脊形波导的传输损耗小于０．８５ｄＢ／ｃｍ。     

聚合物Y分支脊形波导的单模条件

有机聚合物光波导近年来成为研究的热点,它为实现下一代的光电集成回路提供了另外一种选择。它所具有的一系列优点如下:(1)与传统的材料相比,有机聚合物光波导容易在各种衬底上制作,其制作成本也得以降低,并且使得与有源器件如激光器、调制器、探测器的单片集成成为可能;(2)有机聚合物波导材料的折射率可以进行调整以满足耦合损耗和弯曲损耗的折中选择;(3)此外,有机聚合物的热光系数比SiO₂大一个数量级,而其导热系数却比SiO₂和Si小得多。有机聚合物Y分支是强度调制器和光开关等器件的重要组成。光波导器件在和单模光纤一起使用时要求其实现单模传输,这样可以减少耦合损耗。利用变分有效折射率法计算了聚合物Y分支脊形波导的光场分布。变分有效折射率法是变分法(VM)和有效折射率法(EIM)的结合,它结合了两种方法各自的优点,能够很精确地模拟光场分布情况。利用变分有效折射率法验证了满足单模传输的脊形波导结构参数:芯层厚度为1.5μm,脊高为0.2μm,脊宽为5μm。     

带气膜孔内部冷却通道的流动传热特性

燃气轮机高温透平内部冷却通道中弯头、肋片和气膜孔之间存在着复杂的交互作用。本文采用瞬态液晶技术对光滑通道、无抽吸的带肋通道和有气膜孔抽吸的带肋通道的表面传热分布和沿程压力损失进行了详细测量,同时采用RANS数值模拟方法研究其流场特性。结果表明180°弯头产生的大分离是压力损失的主要因素,45°斜肋片产生的螺旋形流动在弯头与大分离交互作用明显,气膜孔抽吸破坏孔附近边界层使得肋间传热而相对集中于孔附近。在13%抽吸量条件下,气膜孔抽吸降低U型通道中压力损失约20%,同时保持传热强化程度与无抽吸工况相同。     

聚合物Mach-Zehnder脊形波导的优化设计

 利用变分有效折射率法计算了TE基模和高阶模的光场分布,计算结果表明,该方法计算量小,精度高,为聚合物集成光电子器件中脊形光波导的理论分析与优化设计提供了简单高效的途径。利用有限差分束传播法对Mach-Zehnder波导的传播及损耗特性进行了理论分析,得到了不同Y分支角、波导宽度、波导间距时波导传输功率与距离的关系,优化得到的结构参数为：Y分支角1.1°,脊宽5 μm,波导间距20 μm。