基于牛舌草指纹图谱的多指标成分相对定量与鉴别方法

色谱指纹图谱法在中草药产地鉴别或中成药鉴别中发挥着重要作用,然而色谱峰强度和位置易受目标物提取和分离条件的影响,发展更加准确的指纹图谱具有重要意义。该文以色谱峰中某一个常见组分（芦丁）作为内标,分析其他组分的相对含量,以相对含量作为指纹图谱信息,结合化学模式识别可以精确给出产地的相似度。以牛舌草的液相色谱指纹图谱指纹峰为例,以其中芦丁的组分峰作为基准峰,其他指纹峰以芦丁为参照,计算每个指纹峰以芦丁计的含量,建立了牛舌草的指纹图谱。将获得的相对含量指纹图谱采用系统聚类分析和主成分分析进行化学模式识别研究,实现了不同产地牛舌草的区分。该方法建立了牛舌草多指标成分的相对定量与鉴别方法,既节省资源,又具有可操作性,对于其他中药或中成药的质量控制具有一定的借鉴意义。     

一种新的改进Canny图像边缘检测算法

针对传统的Canny算法在平滑滤波时对图像边缘检测的影响,以及需要预先设定高低阈值等缺点,本文提出了一种新的Canny边缘检测算法。首先采用自适应中值滤波对图像进行处理;其次,添加45°和135°方向的梯度模板来计算梯度幅值;最后,采用Otsu算法计算经梯度幅值运算得到图像的高低阈值。实验结果表明,该改进的Canny算法具有良好的抗噪性能,并且能精确的检测出边缘信息。     

Control strategy of central pattern generator gait movement under condition of attention selection

As a typical rhythmic movement, human being’s rhythmic gait movement can be generated by a central pattern generator (CPG) located in a spinal cord by self-oscillation. Some kinds of gait movements are caused by gait frequency and amplitude variances. As an important property of human being’s motion vision, the attention selection mechanism plays a vital part in the regulation of gait movement. In this paper, the CPG model is amended under the condition of attention selection on the theoretical basis of Matsuoka neural oscillators. Regulation of attention selection signal for the CPG model parameters and structure is studied, which consequentially causes the frequency and amplitude changes of gait movement output. Further, the control strategy of the CPG model gait movement under the condition of attention selection is discussed, showing that the attention selection model can regulate the output model of CPG gait movement in three different ways. The realization of regulation on the gait movement frequency and amplitude shows a variety of regulation on the CPG gait movement made by attention selection and enriches the controllability of CPG gait movement, which demonstrates potential influence in engineering applications.     

Recent technical advancements enabled atomic resolution Cryo EM

With recent breakthroughs in camera and image processing technologies single-particle electron cryo-microscopy(CryoEM) has suddenly gained the attention of structural biologists as a powerful tool able to solve the atomic structures of biological complexes and assemblies. Compared with x-ray crystallography, Cryo EM can be applied to partially flexible structures in solution and without the necessity of crystallization, which is especially important for large complexes and assemblies. This review briefly explains several key bottlenecks for atomic resolution Cryo EM, and describes the corresponding solutions for these bottlenecks based on the recent technical advancements. The review also aims to provide an overview about the technical differences between its applications in biology and those in material science.     

Design of the readout electronics for the DAMPE Silicon Tracker detector

The Silicon Tracker (STK) is one of the detectors of the DAMPE satellite used to measure the incidence direction of high energy cosmic rays. It consists of 6 X-Y double layers of silicon micro-strip detectors with 73728 readout channels. It is a great challenge to read out the channels and process the huge volume of data in the harsh environment of space. 1152 Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and 384 ADCs are used to read out the detector channels. 192 Tracker Front-end Hybrid (TFH) modules and 8 identical Tracker Readout Board (TRB) modules are designed to control and digitalize the front signals. In this paper, the design of the readout electronics for the STK and its performance are presented in detail.     

特低渗透油藏面积井网见水时间计算

特低渗透油藏在水驱开发过程中常表现出渗透率各向异性和流体非达西渗流特征,运用非达西渗流公式及流线积分法,得到特低渗透油藏五点井网、反九点井网和菱形反九点井网在油水两相非活塞式驱替条件下的油井见水时间.计算长庆鄂尔多斯盆地某特低渗透油藏井网见水时间,结果与实际动态符合较好.分析油水黏度比、渗透率各向异性及启动压力梯度对油井见水时间的影响,结果表明：油水黏度比越大,油井的见水时间越早;当菱形反九点井网长轴方向井距与短轴方向井距之比与渗透率各向异性强度大致相等时,长轴方向与短轴方向上的角井能实现均衡驱替;启动压力梯度延缓了油井的见水时间,且生产井距越大,启动压力梯度的影响越显著.     

一种基于热释电效应的X射线荧光分析谱仪

利用热释电晶体实现了一个X射线激发源,并以此激发源和高能量分辨率的硅漂移探测器构建了一个X射线荧光分析谱仪。首先通过分析计算热释电晶体厚度和靶厚度对产生X射线的影响选定了激发源的设计参数;然后测量了激发源发射的X射线本底,其能量范围在1～27 keV,包含有Cu和Ta的特征X射线,最大强度在每秒3 000个计数以上,对本底的测量同时显示出谱仪的探测器部分对Cu的8.05 keV特征峰的分辨率达到210 eV,具有很高的能量分辨率;最后使用该谱仪测试了Fe,Ti和Cr等三种单质样品和高钛玄武岩样品,测试结果表明该谱仪可以有效的分析出样品的元素成分。由于这种X射线荧光分析谱仪的各组成部分体积都很小,进一步便携化后非常适合于非破坏、现场和快速的元素分析场合。     

内蒙古草原植被最大光能利用率取值优化研究

针对目前CASA (carnegie-ames-stanford approach)模型等植被生产力模型植被最大光能利用率的取值未对草原进行区分的问题,以内蒙古草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原为研究对象,结合野外实测NPP(net primary productivity)数据和CASA模型的建模思路优化了三大草原类型植被最大光能利用率,并以此为基础模拟分析了其植被光能利用率和NPP时空格局。结果表明,基于99个地面采样点所建立的一元二次方程模拟的草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原最大光能利用率分别为0.654,0.553和0.511 gC·MJ-1,平均为0.573 gC·MJ-1。与未对草原类型进行区分而统一取值为0.541 gC·MJ-1的结果相比,实测NPP与模拟NPP之间的决定系数和和均方根误差分别提高了0.024和2.62 gC·(m2·month-1)-1。受水热组合和草原类型的空间格局的影响,内蒙古草原植被光能利用率和NPP总体上由东北向西南逐渐下降趋势,呈明显的单峰季节变化特征。但光能利用率和NPP的最大值出现的月份有所不同,分别出现在8月份和7月份,这可能与植被吸收的光合有效辐射和光能利用率的最高值出现的月份不同有关。光能利用率和NPP平均值按草甸草原>典型草原>荒漠草原的顺序依次降低。     

Tunable acoustic radiation pattern assisted by effective impedance boundary

The acoustic wave propagation from a two-dimensional subwavelength slit surrounded by metal plates decorated with Helmholtz resonators(HRs) is investigated both numerically and experimentally in this work. Owing to the presence of HRs, the effective impedance of metal surface boundary can be manipulated. By optimizing the distribution of HRs,the asymmetric effective impedance boundary will be obtained, which contributes to generating tunable acoustic radiation pattern such as directional acoustic beaming. These dipole-like radiation patterns have high radiation efficiency, no fingerprint of sidelobes, and a wide tunable range of the radiation pattern directivity angle which can be steered by the spatial displacements of HRs.     

Effect of Bi‐content on hardness and micro‐creep behavior of Sn‐3.5Ag rapidly solidified alloy

In the present paper, the influence of 1, 3, 5 and 10 % Bi (weight %) as ternary additions on structure, melting and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Sn‐3.5Ag alloy has been investigated. The effect of Bi was discussed based on the experimental results. The experimental results showed that the alloys of Sn‐3.5Ag, Sn‐3.5Ag‐1Bi and Sn‐3.5Ag‐3Bi are composed of two phases; Ag₃Sn IMC embedded in Sn matrix phase, which indicated that the solubility of Bi phase in Sn‐matrix was extended to 3 % as a result of rapid solidification. Bi precipitation in Sn matrix was only observed in Sn‐3.5Ag‐5Bi and Sn‐3.5Ag‐10Bi alloys. Also, addition of Bi decreased continuously the melting point of the eutectic Sn‐3.5Ag alloy to 202.6 °C at 10 % Bi. Vickers hardness of Sn‐3.5Ag rapidly solidified alloy increased with increasing Bi content up to 3 % due to supersaturated solid solution strengthening hardening mechanism of Bi phase in Sn matrix, while the alloys contain 5 and 10 % Bi exhibited lower values of Vickers hardness. The lower values can be attributed to the precipitation of Bi as a secondary phase which may form strained regions due to the embrittlement of Bi atom. In addition, the effect of Bi addition on the micro‐creep behavior of Sn‐3.5Ag alloy as well as the creep rate have been described and has been calculated at room temperature. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)