Dynamic Interfacial Behavior of Poly(oxyethylene) Lauryl Ether Based Surfactant Mixtures

The adsorption behavior of binary mixtures comprising nonionic surfactants at the air–water interface has been studied by bubble pressure tensiometry at concentrations above and below their critical micelle concentrations. Surfactants with the same hydrocarbon chains but different degree of ethoxylations were chosen as the components to understand their mixing behavior at equilibrium and dynamic conditions. At short times, the adsorption is found to be diffusion limited for individual components as well as for the mixtures, as predicted by the Ward and Tordai model. The effective diffusion coefficient of the monomers in the mixed state displays a dynamic synergism, consistent with the molecular thermodynamic model for dynamic surface tension. However, the equilibrium surface tension and micellar diffusion coefficient of the mixtures exhibit ideal behavior.     

How the Aggregates Determine Bound Rubber Models in Silicone Rubber? A Contrast Matching Neutron Scattering Study

The correlation between aggregates and bound rubber structures in silicone rubbers(S(phr)) with various silica fractions(ΦSi) has been investigated by contrast matching small-angle neutron scattering(SANS), swelling kinetics, and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Mixed solvents with deuterated cyclohexane fractions of 4.9% and 53.7% were chosen to match the scattering length densities of the matrix(SMP(phr)) and the filler(SMS(phr)), respectively. All the data consistently suggest that:(i) There is a critical threshold ΦSic between 10 and 30 phr;below ΦSic, the isolated aggregates are dominant, while beyond ΦSic, some rubber fraction is trapped among the agglomerate;(ii) ΦSiindependent thicknesses around 7.5 nm(NMR) and 8.6 nm(SANS) suggest that the bound rubber formation is determined by inherent properties of the components, and the power-law around 4.2 suggests an exponential changed gradient density of the bound rubber;(iii) SMS(80) presents a bicontinuous bound rubber with three characteristic lengths of 41, 100, and 234 nm. The expanded correlation length, a 20 nm smaller aggregate sizes suggest that such existent bicontinuous network in dry samples with less ΦSi is kind of impacted by swelling. With the obtained bound rubber models, the reinforcing mechanism of filled silicone rubber is elucidated.     

Structural,Magnetic and Catalytic Properties of a New Vacancy Ordered Perovskite Type Barium Cobaltate BaCoO2.67

A new vacancy ordered, anion deficient perovskite modification with composition of BaCoO_2.67 (Ba₃Co₃O₈□₁) has been prepared via a two-step heating process. Combined Rietveld analysis of neutron and X-ray powder diffraction data shows a novel ordering of oxygen vacancies not known before for barium cobaltates. A combination of neutron powder diffraction, magnetic measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) studies confirms G-type antiferromagnetic ordering. From impedance measurements, the electronic conductivity of the order of 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ is determined. Remarkably, the bifunctional catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is found to be comparable to that of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_0.8Fe_0.2O_3–y, confirming that charge-ordered anion deficient non-cubic perovskites can be highly efficient catalysts.     

快中子照相模拟分析与实验验证

首次系统地推导出快中子照相像素值形成解析式, 建立图像反差不等式, 并利用该不等式首次对图像对比度与源强、照射时间和散射之间的关系进行说明. 并在像素值解析式基础上编制快中子照相模拟程序, 利用该程序对空间分辨率和图像对比度进行模拟, 并与实验对照, 研究结果表明空间分辨率模拟效果好于实验, 图像对比度模拟效果与实验相当. 最后通过对狭缝、方孔以及多材质组成的复杂样品模拟并与实验对照, 结果显示模拟效果与实验照片在反差灵敏度效果上非常一致, 该模拟计算方法可为实验设计和工程应用提供参考.     

Effect of nanocrystallinity on lattice dynamics in Bi2Te3 based thermoelectrics

The lattice dynamics in as‐cast and nanocrystalline thermoelectric Bi₂Te₃ based p‐type and n‐type material were investigated using inelastic neutron scattering. Generalized densities of phonon states show substantial agreement between the lattice dynamics in as‐cast samples and previous studies. The lattice dynamics in the nanocrystalline materials differ significantly from its as‐cast counterparts in the acoustic phonon regime. In nanocrystalline p‐type and n‐type compounds, the average acoustic phonon group velocity was found to be reduced to 80(5)% and 95(2)% of the value in as‐cast material. It is argued that point‐defect and strain contrast scattering may play an important role for the understanding of lattice thermal conductivity in (nanocrystalline) Bi₂Te₃ based thermoelectrics beside the observed decrease of sound velocity. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Charge correlations in cobaltates La2–xSrx CoO4

We report on an elastic neutron scattering study of the charge correlations in La_2–xSr_x CoO₄ with x = 1/3, 0.4 and 0.5. We found that the checkerboard charge ordering correlations present in the x = 0.5 sample persist in the x = 0.4 and 1/3 materials. These checkerboard charge ordering correlations are robust and explain the occurrence of nano‐phase separation in layered cobaltates for Sr‐concentrations away from half‐doping. The half‐integer reflections then arise from the nanometer‐sized hole‐rich regions (blue areas in title figure) instead of the undoped ones (red areas in title figure). The appearance of nano‐phase separation is an important ingredient for understanding the formation of hour‐glass shaped magnetic excitation spectra in La_2–xSr_x CoO₄.

Nano‐phase separation in La_2–xSr_x CoO₄ (schematically). Red areas: undoped La₂CoO₄ islands, blue areas: checkerboard charge ordered regions; black, green and blue balls represent nonmagnetic Co³⁺ ions, magnetic Co²⁺ ions and oxygen ions, respectively; green arrows indicate Co²⁺ spins [1, 2].     

一种宽能谱多球中子谱仪能量响应的MC模拟

利用蒙特卡罗程序FLUKA模拟计算了聚乙烯慢化球和辅助材料慢化球对低能中子到高能中子的响应函数曲线。结果表明,对纯聚乙烯球来说,随着聚乙烯层厚度的增加,响应曲线峰逐步右移,峰值在高能区有所下降,对20 Me V以上的中子,无论纯聚乙烯球的尺寸有多大,其响应均下降到很低的程度;对辅助材料慢化球来说,中子能量小于1 Me V时,辅助材料慢化球与聚乙烯慢化球的响应曲线相似,但当中子能量大于20 Me V时,中子与辅助材料层发生(n,xn)反应,慢化球的响应呈显著上升趋势。分析计算结果,最终能够确定宽能谱多球中子谱仪的尺寸组合。