平顶飞秒激光经圆锥透镜在熔融石英中成丝及超连续辐射

实验研究了平顶飞秒激光经圆锥透镜后在熔融石英中的成丝及超连续辐射.与高斯飞秒激光的成丝对比发现,平顶飞秒激光可以获得在圆锥透镜焦深区域内强度分布更为均匀的等离子体细丝,这一特征更有利于飞秒激光在固体介质中进行微纳加工等领域的应用.并且,在不损伤熔融石英的条件下,平顶飞秒激光成丝可以获得更高能量、更高转换效率的超连续辐射,这是因为若产生光强相近的细丝,平顶飞秒激光所需的初始激光能量更高,此激光能量下产生的细丝长度更长、均匀性更好.     

Filamentation Instability in a Current‐Carrying Plasma in the Presence of Quantum Effects

The filamentation instability of a current‐carrying plasma under the diffusion condition is investigated taking into account the Bohm potential and the Fermi electron pressure. Using quantum hydrodynamic equations, the dispersion relation and growth rate of the instability is obtained. It is found that the filamentation instability, in the presence of quantum effects, depends on various characteristic parameters such as: electron Fermi velocity, plasma number density, ion thermal velocity and electron drift velocity. Moreover, the wavelength region in which the instability occurs is more restricted and the minimum size of filaments is larger, in comparison with the classical case. It is also found that the growth rate of the instability is smaller in the presence of quantum effects. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Femtosecond filamentation induced fluorescence technique for atmospheric sensing

Recent progress in filament-induced atmospheric sensing is reviewed.Self-guided propagation of ultrashort laser pulses in air induces laser filamentation.All molecules in the path of a filament can be dissociated into highly excited fragments,resulting in emission of characteristic fluorescence spectra.The fluorescence spectra provide information about the various molecules in the filaments.By using a filament-induced"fingerprinting"fluorescence technique,molecules in the atmosphere can be identified.     

Spaceborne laser filamentation for atmospheric remote sensing

A proof‐of‐concept of space‐borne laser filamentation for atmospheric remote sensing is presented. The remote generation of laser filaments from an Earth‐orbiting satellite is shown by numerical simulations to be theoretically possible for a large range of laser parameters. The model includes a realistic representation of the stratified atmosphere and accounts for multi‐species ionization and the dependence of air density upon the molecule type and altitude profile. The remote generation of a white light continuum extending from 350 nm to 1.1 μm within the filament is demonstrated, and hereby proposed as an atmospheric in‐situ light source for monitoring greenhouse gases and pollutants on a global scale by light detection and ranging (lidar) techniques. Scaling laws are also derived for estimating the filament altitude as a function of peak pulse power (3 GW‐3 TW), beam radii (10‐200 cm) and for three different curvatures (300, 390, 500 km) for femtosecond infrared (800 nm) pulses. We find that operating conditions for remote supercontinuum generation are already available with current ground‐based mobile laser technology and within reach of future space laser systems.

     

超强线极化激光在e-p等离子体中传播的成丝不稳定性

基于超强线极化激光在正负电子对(e-p)等离子体中的传播方程,讨论了相互作用过程中的成丝不稳定性。得到了电磁波的非线性色散关系和不稳定性增长率,并讨论了传播过程中激光强度和等离子体温度对成丝不稳定性的影响。结果表明,成丝不稳定性的强弱主要由相互作用的非线性效应与受有质动力作用后等离子体密度的减小之间的竞争所决定。     

A study of the effect of self-generated pressure gradient sources on the resistive filamentation instability

In the field of fast ignition scheme, self-generated magnetic fields via beam resistive filamentation have a significant role in the angular divergence of the relativistic electron beam, which can be affected by the intensity of other self-generated magnetic fields. In this context, the effects of pressure gradient sources arising from temperature and density gradient of the pellet along the beam flow direction are investigated. The results showed that the resistive filamentation instability can be strongly amplified compared to the fully homogeneous plasma. In this respect, for the distance away from the critical surface, the instability is protected for a longer wave number. Also, the beam and plasma properties such as the beam relativistic factor, the beam number density, and the degree of the plasma temperature anisotropy might be effective.     

Nonlinear dynamics of filamentation instability and current filament merging in a high density current-driven plasma

The magnetic field generation due to the filamentation instability (FI) of a high density current-driven plasma is studied through a new nonlinear diffusion equation. This equation is obtained on the basis of quantum hydrodynamic model and numerically solved by applying the Crank–Nicolson method. The spatiotemporal evolution of the magnetic field and the electron density distribution exhibits the current filament merging as a nonlinear phase of the FI which is responsible for the strong magnetic fields in the current-driven plasmas. It is found that the general behaviour of the FI is the same as that of the classical case but the instability growth rate, its magnitude, and the saturation time are affected by the quantum effects. It is eventually concluded that the quantum effects can play a stabilizing role in such situation.     

半绝缘GaAs光电导开关的瞬态热效应

实验用波长1064 nm,触发光能为1.0 mJ的激光脉冲触发电极间隙为4 mm的半绝缘GaAs光电导开关,当光电导开关的偏置电压达到3800 V时,开关进入非线性(lock-on)工作模式,在偏置电场和触发光能不变的条件下,开关输出稳定的非线性电脉冲,1500次触发后GaAs开关表面出现因丝状电流引起损伤的痕迹.分析认为:在一定触发光能和电场阈值条件下,开关芯片内存在两种瞬态热效应:热弛豫效应和光激发电荷畴-声子曳引效应.热弛豫时间很短,在皮秒甚至亚皮秒量级,热弛豫过程导致了热传导的弛豫行为;当光激发电荷畴以10⁷ cm/s的速度从阴极向阳极渡越时,在这两种效应的作用下使得开关芯片瞬态温度变化发生了弛豫振荡现象.光激发电荷畴-声子曳引效应在位错运动方向上传播,声子流携带的热能集中在移动的平面内,使得移动区域温度升高,移动轨迹经多次叠加累积呈现出丝状的损伤痕迹. 关键词： 半绝缘GaAs光电导开关 热弛豫效应 光激发电荷畴-声子曳引效应 丝状电流     

激光波前相位因子对飞秒脉冲激光成丝动力学的影响

利用一个全阶色散非线性传输模型采用数值模拟的方法研究了初值条件中描述透镜聚焦效应的相位因子对飞秒脉冲激光成丝动力学的影响.研究发现,利用单色指数相位因子e^{－ik(0)r2/2f}来描述飞秒脉冲的透镜聚焦效应是不准确的,特别是对于周期量级超短激光脉冲的成丝现象,甚至会导致完全不同的成丝动力学过程.为了准确描述飞秒脉冲的透镜聚焦效应,必须采用准确的相位因子e^{－ik(0)r2关键词： 相位因子 成丝 飞秒脉冲 透镜聚焦}