Melting behavior of nylon 6 fiber in textiles

The melting process of constrained nylon 6 fibers has been studied to estimate the true melting point of its original crystals. The melting peak became simpler in shape and shifted to higher temperature with increasing fiber-axis restricting force. When heating rate, β, was increased, the temperature where the melting curve initially departs from its baseline, Tsm, decreased steeply in the range of 45 to 60°C min^-1, and increased linearly with increasing β above 60°C min^-1. By linear extrapolation of Tsm to 0°C min^-1, the temperature of ca 190°C was obtained for the melting temperature of the original nylon 6 crystals. This seems to correspond to the zero-entropy-production melting of the most imperfect crystallites of the nylon 6 fabric. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Imaging fiber microarray fluorescent ion sensors based on bulk optode microspheres

Optical imaging fibers with micrometer-sized wells were used as a sensing platform for the development of microarray optical ion sensors based on selective bulk extraction principles established earlier for optodes. Uniform 10 μm sized microspheres based on plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) containing various combinations of ionophores, fluoroionophores and lipophilic ion-exchangers were prepared for the detection of sodium, potassium, calcium and chloride, and deposited onto the wells of etched fiber bundles. Specifically, sodium sensing particles were based on tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetraacetic acid tetraethylester, potassium particles on 2-dodecyl-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl bis[N-[5′-nitro(benzo-15-crown-5)-4′-yl]carbamate] (BME-44), calcium particles on an acrylic derivative of ETH 129 (AU-1) covalently attached to a methacrylic polymer, and chloride particles based on the anticrown ionophore [9]mercuracarborand-3 (MC-3). The fluorescence emission characteristics of individual microspheres were observed from the backside of the fibers and were found to selectively and rapidly change as a function of the sample composition. The optical characteristics of the particles were found to be comparable to that of corresponding thin optode films and particles deposited onto microscope glass slides. The measuring ranges (logarithmic molar concentrations) at pH 7.0 were found as −3 to 0 for sodium, −3.5 to −0.5 for potassium, −7 to −2 for calcium, and −5 to 0.5 for chloride. Selectivities were determined over other common electrolytes and found to be sufficient for physiological applications. The simultaneous deposition of sodium and chloride sensing particles was successfully performed, demonstrating that such microarray sensors are capable of simultaneously sensing multiple analytes. This technology is compatible with other microsphere-based fluorescent sensing principles, forming a promising total analysis platform for a variety of applications.     

Adsorption of Pd, Ni, and Cu ions on anode-oxidized carbon fiber materials

The anodic oxidation of the carbon felt Carbonetcalon results in the formation of surface defects which serve as centers of strong adsorption of Pd^II, Ni^II, and Cu^II ions. The electrochemical reduction of adsorbed ions makes it possible to obtain metallic catalysts, which undergo multiple redox cycles without loss of metal. The catalysts are characterized by high dispersity of the reduced phase, high adsorption capacity with respect to hydrogen, and 100% selectivity in hydrogenation of acetophenone. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 81–85, January 1997     

纸带-光纤技术对硫化氢气体测量的初探

以研制的光导纤维反射分光光度计为仪器,建立了根据浸渍醋酸铅的纸带与硫化氢反应生成黑色硫化铅斑点而改变纸带相对反射率,达到对H2S测量的新方法。测量波长为450nm,测量H2S浓度范围为5×10-8mol/L～1.35×10-6mol/L。方法可用于测量废气中的硫化氢。     

Affinity adsorption of recombinant human interferon-α on a porous dye-affinity adsorbent

Interferons are potent biologically active proteins synthesized and secreted by somatic cells of all mammalian species. Dye-affinity adsorption is increasingly used for protein separation. Hollow fibers have several advantages as adsorbents in comparison to conventional bead supports because they are not compressible and they eliminate internal diffusion limitations. The aim of this study was to explore in detail the performance of polyamide hollow fibers to which Cibacron Blue F3GA was attached for adsorption of recombinant interferon-α (rHuIFN-α). The hollow fiber was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. These dye-carrying hollow fibers (35.8 μmol/g) were used in the rHuIFN-α adsorption-elution studies. The effects of initial concentration of rHuIFN-α, medium pH, ionic strength and temperature on the adsorption efficiency of dye-attached hollow fibers were studied in a batch system. The non-specific adsorption of rHuIFN-α on the hollow fibers was 1.2 mg/g. Cibacron Blue F3GA attachment significantly increased the rHuIFN-α adsorption up to 99.8 mg/g. Significant amount of the adsorbed rHuIFN-α (up to 94.8%) was eluted in 1 h in the elution medium containing 1.0 M NaCl. In order to determine the effects of adsorption conditions on possible conformational changes of rHuIFN-α structure, fluorescence spectrophotometry was employed. We resulted that dye-affinity hollow fibers can be applied for rHuIFN-α adsorption without causing any significant conformational changes. Repeated adsorption/elution processes showed that these dye-attached hollow fibers are suitable for rHuIFN-α adsorption.     

聚苯胺修饰超微盘电极上镉(Ⅱ)的表面络合吸附波

用直径7 μm的碳纤维组合成超微圆盘电极,以聚苯胺修饰电级.以阶梯扫描法、循环伏安法、双阶跃计时电量法和交流阻抗法等,研究了Cd2＋在该电极上的表面络合吸附特性和电极过程.在循环伏安图上出现两个还原峰,实验和理论都证明,由于电极表面的聚苯胺对Cd2＋的特性吸附,形成电活性的表面吸附态络合物.因此,这种表面络合物首先被还原,形成峰电位－0.90 V处的表面络合吸附波,还原峰电位比Cd2＋直接还原电位（－0.98 V）正移,循环反扫时,氧化波无峰形.根据实验数据推测了电极过程的反应机理,证实该还原波具有扩散和表面反应同时控制的表面络合吸附波的特性.理论计算与实验基本一致,并求得了表面吸附态配合物的形成常数、吸附量和表面络合反应的动力学参数.实验还证实,在峰电位－1.06 V 处的还原波,是Cd2＋的表面吸附还原态诱导而产生的催化氢波.     

活性炭纤维对氙的动态吸附性能研究

采用动态吸附实验装置，研究了吸附温度、原料气浓度和原料气流量对活性炭纤维动态吸附氙性能的影响。结果表明：在低温条件下（≤273K)，随着温度的升高，活性炭纤维对氙的平衡吸附量明显下降／同时，活性炭纤维对氙的平衡吸附量分别随着原料气浓度及原料气流量的增大而增大。     

Lamination Design Optimization for Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites of Variable Thicknesses北大核心CSCD

由于具备高的比强度、比刚度,利用连续纤维增强复合材料代替传统金属材料以实现结构轻量化正受到设计者们的广泛关注。然而,结构的复杂性给复合材料的铺层设计与优化带来了很大的挑战。针对航空用复合材料铺层设计约束多的问题,通过逐步构建设计变量准确表达结构的铺层信息。基于经典遗传算法框架,结合各设计变量特点,定义了铺层优化算法中的遗传算子,通过引入“修复”策略保证了每一代解都能满足设计约束,分布在可行域区间内。最后利用精英保留策略提高了算法的局部寻优能力,可以降低复杂复合材料结构铺层设计的计算成本。通过解决经典benchmark问题并与已有优化结果的比较,验证了前述铺层优化算法的全局、局部寻优能力,为工程实际中的复合材料铺层设计优化提供了理论支撑。     

双折射光纤中克尔效应及光纤－光学逻辑门

本文详细地研究了单模双折射光纤中的克尔效应．讨论了其应用于光纤－光学逻辑门的优点,给出了有关的理论分析和计算结果以实验装置,确定了强度型逻辑门的“１／０”状态,测出了输出光脉冲宽度．理论分析和实验结果符合良好．     

碳纤维表面酰氯化及其与尼龙6的接枝Ⅰ、接枝方法及复合材料的力学性能

碳纤维表面酰氯化及其与尼龙6的接枝Ⅰ、接枝方法及复合材料的力学性能;阴离子接枝