Trichosanthes kirilowii ameliorates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo

The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii ethanol extract (TKE) against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure (ARF). In the in vitro study, TKE-pretreated porcine kidney cells (PK15) exhibited enhanced cell viability after cisplatin (15 μg mL^? 1) treatment in both MTT and crystal violet assays. PK15 cells pretreated with TKE (50 μg mL^? 1) exhibited increased glutathione content, decreased reactive oxygen species production and ameliorated p53 expression. In vivo study, rats were administered with TKE for 4 weeks before cisplatin (5 mg kg^? 1) injection. TKE (100 mg kg^? 1) decreased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels by 24% and 47%, respectively, in comparison with cisplatin-alone group. In addition, TKE pretreatment ameliorated cisplatin-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased antioxidative enzyme levels and decreased lipid peroxidation levels. Moreover, TKE pretreatment reduced histopathological alterations in the kidney with decreased apoptotic cells. Taken together, TKE might be beneficial in treating cisplatin-induced ARF.     

考虑破坏时复合材料结构的分析

本文考虑复合材料结构发生局部破坏时的分析问题,这是一个非线性问题。本文引入带步长限制的变步长增量载荷方案作为解决这一问题的工程途径。用有限元法作为结构分析的基本手段。经试验结果对比,初步表明该方案是可行的。     

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A cured model is a useful approach for analysing failure time data in which some subjects could eventually experience and others never experience the event of interest. All subjects in the test belong to one of the two groups: the susceptible group and the non-susceptible group. There has been considerable progress in the development of semi-parametric models for regression analysis of time-to-event data. However, most of the current work focuses on right-censored data, especially when the population contains a non-ignorable cured subgroup. In this paper, we propose a semi-parametric cure model for current status data. In general, treatments are developed to both increase the patients' chances of being cured and prolong the survival time among non-cured patients. A logistic regression model is proposed for whether the subject is in the susceptible group. An accelerated failure time regression model is proposed for the event time when the subject is in the non-susceptible group. An EM algorithm is used to maximize the log-likelihood of the observed data. Simulation results show that the proposed method can get efficient estimations.     

Advanced response surface method for mechanical reliability analysis

Based on the classical response surface method (RSM), a novel RSM using improved experimental points (EPs) is presented for reliability analysis. Two novel points are included in the presented method. One is the use of linear interpolation, from which the total EPs for determining the RS are selected to be closer to the actual failure surface; the other is the application of sequential linear interpolation to control the distance between the surrounding EPs and the center EP, by which the presented method can ensure that the RS fits the actual failure surface in the region of maximum likelihood as the center EPs converge to the actual most probable point (MPP). Since the fitting precision of the RS to the actual failure surface in the vicinity of the MPP, which has significant contribution to the probability of the failure surface being exceeded, is increased by the presented method, the precision of the failure probability calculated by RS is increased as well. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.     

基于SMP破坏准则的饱和砂土弹塑性本构模型

利用土体的塑性流动理论，提出了用于描述饱和砂土在单调荷载作用下的应力一应变反应性质的弹塑性本构模型。土体总的变形由三部分组成：即弹性应变、与体积屈服机制相关的塑性应变和与剪切屈服机制相关的塑性应变，其中与剪切屈服机制相关的塑性应变的得出是基于SMP破坏准则。通过将模型预测的结果与试验结果进行对比，表明该模型能够较为准确地描述饱和砂土在单调加载条件下的反应性质。     

Three-Dimensional Dynamic Contact Problem for an Elliptic Crack Interacting with a Normally Incident Harmonic Compression–Expansion Wave

The paper deals with the three-dimensional dynamic problem for an elliptic crack interacting with a normally incident harmonic compression–expansion wave, considering the contact interaction of the crack faces. An asymmetric solution is obtained using an iteration algorithm developed earlier. Numerical results are presented     

多胞材料的力学行为

多胞材料具有独特的力学性质,其工程应用日益增加.人造多胞材料可以分为蜂窝材料和泡沫材料两类.本文介绍了这两类材料在不同载荷条件下力学行为的研究概况.对于某些天然材料(木材和松质骨)的多胞结构及其模型也作了简要介绍.     

多失效模式重要抽样法的方差分析及应用

在计算结构体系失效概率时,基于Monte-Carlo数值模拟的重要抽样技术已被实践证明是一种非常有效的方法。重要抽样法中估计量的方差是影响收敛速度和计算精度的重要指标,因此重要抽样法的方差分析是非常必要的。对于单模式而言,其方差分析比较容易。对于多模式情况,其方差分析有一定的困难。这有可能影响重要抽样法在多模式结构体系失效概率计算中的应用。本文详细推导了几种常见重要抽样法的方差计算公式。然后用方差分析的概念,阐明了多模式重要抽样法应用中的一些问题。     

考虑基本变量模糊与随机性的广义自适应重要抽样法

基于模糊随机广义可靠性分析向随机可靠性分析的转换,提出了模糊随机广义失效概率计算的自适应重要抽样法,该方法利用模拟退火智能优化,在模拟的过程中逐步逼近模糊随机广义设计点,并在模拟过程中自适应地构造重要抽样函数,从而使得模糊随机失效概率的计算效率和精度大为提高。与传统的重要抽样法相比,本文方法无需首先求解失效模式的设计点。对非线性失效区和复杂等价概率密度函数,由于模拟退火智能优化在寻找设计点时比诸如一次二阶矩法(FOSM)更为有效,因而所提方法适合非线性失效区和复杂等价概率密度函数情况下的广义可靠性分析。另外,随着重要抽样密度函数逐步向最优值的自动调整,抽取的样本数逐渐增大,使后续构建的重要抽样函数更能体现对广义失效概率贡献的重要程度,并使失效概率的计算更加准确。文中算例证明了所提方法的合理性。     

A single-surface yield function for geomaterials

Summary The article outlines a seven-parametric yield function for geomaterials such as soils and rocks. Proceeding from a geometric representation in the principal stress space, the yield surface exhibits a closed shape, thus reflecting the sensitivity of the plastic response of this type of media to hydrostatic stresses. The yield function is able to describe the effects of primary yielding, as well as of isotropic and kinematic hardening. In addition the failure envelope contains an open cone when the number of material parameters is reduced from seven to five.Dedicated to F. G. Kollmann on the occasion of his 60th birthday