全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2785篇 |
免费 | 346篇 |
国内免费 | 304篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 595篇 |
晶体学 | 6篇 |
力学 | 145篇 |
综合类 | 65篇 |
数学 | 2130篇 |
物理学 | 494篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 26篇 |
2022年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 67篇 |
2020年 | 76篇 |
2019年 | 74篇 |
2018年 | 88篇 |
2017年 | 93篇 |
2016年 | 86篇 |
2015年 | 73篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 215篇 |
2012年 | 147篇 |
2011年 | 169篇 |
2010年 | 143篇 |
2009年 | 203篇 |
2008年 | 226篇 |
2007年 | 202篇 |
2006年 | 209篇 |
2005年 | 145篇 |
2004年 | 139篇 |
2003年 | 122篇 |
2002年 | 114篇 |
2001年 | 82篇 |
2000年 | 93篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1998年 | 68篇 |
1997年 | 51篇 |
1996年 | 54篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 30篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 11篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 6篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 7篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3435条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Monitoring of the shrinkage during the photopolymerization of acrylates using hyphenated photorheometry/near‐infrared spectroscopy 下载免费PDF全文
This article describes a new method for the quantitative determination and time‐resolved monitoring of the polymerization shrinkage during ultraviolet (UV) photopolymerization. It is based on rheometry using a modified oscillating rheometer. Shrinkage is determined from the decrease of the gap between the rheometer plates. Moreover, near‐infrared (NIR) spectra can be recorded directly in the rheometer, which allows continuous determination of the conversion at any time of a shrinkage measurement. As both shrinkage and conversion data come from the same experiment, shrinkage can be analyzed in dependence on the current conversion achieved during UV irradiation, which enables direct investigation of correlations between both parameters. Hyphenated photorheometry/FT‐NIR spectroscopy was used for the determination of the polymerization shrinkage of pure acrylate monomers and oligomers as well as acrylate‐based formulations. Quantitative shrinkage values were found to be in excellent correlation with data that were determined by an independent method (via buoyancy measurements) and data from literature. Furthermore, the effect of ambient and irradiation conditions or the content of nanoparticles on the degree of shrinkage was studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 729–739 相似文献
92.
Sergey V. Nikitin Dmitriy A. Parkhomenko Mariya V. Edeleva Elena G. Bagryanskaya 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2015,53(21):2546-2556
Simulation on the kinetic scheme of enhanced spin capturing polymerizations (ESCP) were performed to reveal the influence of different parameters, e.g., initiation rate, spin capturing and side reactions on the properties (the monomer conversion, degree of polymerization, polydispersity index, and the fraction of “living” chains) of polymer obtained. The kinetic scheme of ESCP was solved numerically as well as the method of statistical moments of molecular weight distribution was applied to get some numerical expressions for analysis. The simulations showed that fast initiation rate can lead to decrease of living fraction and broadening of molecular weight distribution. Whereas high rate of spin capturing makes the polymer chains shorter but increases living character. And side reactions always decrease livingness of the polymer obtained. Finally in the case of absence of side reaction we were able to formulate criteria for formation of polymer with target molecular weight and quota of living chains via ESCP process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53, 2546–2556 相似文献
93.
94.
《Optimization》2012,61(5-6):405-423
The topological degree theory is applied to study the problem of existence of solutions to the semi-definite complementarity problem (SDCP). A notion of an exceptional family of matrices is introduced, and assertions of a non-strict alternative type are obtained. Namely, for a continuous mapping, there exists at least one of the following two items: either a solution to the SDCP, or an exceptional family of matrices. Hence, if there is no exceptional family, then at least one solution exists 相似文献
95.
Yunzhi Ling Yuqiong Luo Jiwen Luo Xiaoying Wang Runcang Sun 《高分子科学杂志,A辑:纯化学与应用化学》2013,50(12):1194-1200
The optimal conditions for synthesizing quaternized chitosan (QCS) via microwave irradiation were explored. The microwave temperature, time, power, mole ratio between chitosan and 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (ETA), volume ratio between isopropanol and water, and pH value of the reaction system were studied to evaluate the effect on the degree of substitution (DS). The structure of QCS was characterized by means of FT-IR, NMR, XPS and XRD. TGA and DTG were used to measure its thermal stability. At last, QCS acted as a reducing and stabilizing agent to greenly synthesize gold nanoparticles without adding any other chemical reagent. 相似文献
96.
采用5种方法,即溶胶-凝胶法、高温固相法、共沉淀法、水热法和溶剂热法合成了富锂材料Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2。拉曼光谱研究发现共沉淀法制备的样品是固溶体结构,而其他4个样品是以不同尺度共生形成的复合物结构。电化学性能测试结果表明这5个富锂材料性能存在明显差异,尤其是在首次充电过程中5个样品位于4.5 V以上由Li2MnO3组分活化所贡献的容量明显不同,共沉淀法制备的具有固溶体结构的样品中由Li2MnO3组分活化贡献的容量最多。因此我们建立起电化学性能与两相集成方式的联系,不同的集成方式使得Li2MnO3组分活化所贡献的容量不同,进而影响了最终的电化学性能。 相似文献
97.
《高分子科学杂志,C辑:聚合物评论》2013,53(2):99-124
Thermally stimulated recovery (TSR) is a non‐conventional mechanical spectroscopy technique that allows to analyse in detail the relaxation processes of polymeric systems in the low frequency region. This work reviews the main aspects and potentialities of this technique. The different kinds of TSR experiments that can be performed, global and thermal sampling (TS) experiments, are described and illustrated with several examples. Also, the different methods for the determination of the thermokinetic parameters (activation energy and pre‐exponential factor) of the thermal sampling (TS) procedure are explained and compared. In this context, the compensation phenomenon, which always appears in TSR results when the studies are performed in the glass transition region of a given system, is discussed. Examples of the application of this technique to different polymeric systems during the last 20 years are provided. An emphasis will be made on the analysis of the effect of crystallinity degree and crosslink density on the TSR response. A comparison between the results (characteristic times and activation energies) obtained by different techniques, namely TSR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), is made. 相似文献
98.
Nonstationarity and related measures for time‐dependent hartree–fock and multiconfigurational models
Anatoliy V. Luzanov 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2013,113(23):2489-2505
Based on an earlier article (Eberly and Singh, Phys. Rev. D 1973 , 7, 359) and related works on short‐time evolution, this article proposes a many‐electron formulation for the nonstationarity degree which can be assigned to quantum system at each time point. The key measure introduced, , is a nonstationarity index that can be thought of as an inverse nominal lifetime at each instance of time. The index is directly computed from the time derivative of one‐electron density matrix and is a size‐consistent quantity. In this article, the approach is developed for the time‐dependent Hartree–Fock (TDHF), single‐excitation (TDCIS), and time‐dependent full configuration interaction (TDFCI) models. As a rule, nonstationarity effects are more pronounced in correlated electron systems, and a joint analysis of and the multiconfigurational character of wave functions apparently provide a deeper insight into dynamical molecular processes. The performed calculations on small molecules in laser fields show a preference for the TDCIS model when comparing TDCIS and TDHF with the “exact” TDFCI model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
99.
It is a well-known fact that characters of a finite group can give important information about the group's structure. Also it was proved by the third author of this article that a finite simple group can be uniquely determined by its character table. Here the authors attempt to investigate how to characterize a finite almost simple group by using less information of its character table, and successfully characterize the almost simple K3-groups by their orders and at most three irreducible character degrees of their character tables. 相似文献
100.
Monica R. P. Rao Shital Aghav Girish Sukre Manmeet Kumar 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2014,35(2):161-167
The required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of an oily substance indicates the HLB of the surfactants required to prepare a stable emulsion using the oil. This study utilizes empirical method to calculate required HLB (RHLB) of Capryol 90 using surfactant blends (Span 20, Tween 20, vitamin E TPGS, Pluronic F68, Span 60, and Tween 80). The methods used were assessment of degree of creaming after centrifugation and after shelf storage for 28 days at room temperature, turbidimetric method, accelerated stability study, and droplet size analysis. The droplet size was found to be in the range of 15 to 2 µm and v/v% separation after centrifugation was found to be 0–82%. The RHLB for Capryol 90 was found to be 15. The effect of various surfactant blends was investigated. Results revealed that a blend of tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and Pluronic F68 gave the most stable emulsion for Capryol 90. 相似文献