K-Ce_(0.5)Zr_(0.5)O_2催化碳颗粒物燃烧性能

用等体积浸渍法制备了不同K负载量的xKNO3-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2系列催化剂,用程序升温氧化反应(TPO)考察催化剂对碳颗粒物(soot)燃烧的催化活性.并采用XRD、BET、FT-IR、XPS等技术对KNO3负载催化剂进行表征.结果表明KNO3负载量对催化剂的比表面、表面化学环境有显著的影响;KNO3能使催化剂对soot的催化燃烧活性有较大提高,且存在最佳负载量,当x=0.5时,催化剂的活性最好,碳颗粒物的起燃温度(T)i和峰顶温度(Tp)分别为290℃和360℃.在反应过程中,KNO3熔融状态的形成和K2CO3的生成,使催化活性明显提高.     

Effect of Drying Methods on the Structure and Combustion Activity of Mn—Substituted Hexaaluminate Catalysts

Conventional oven drying (COD) and supercritical drying (SCD) methods were applied to the preparation of Mn-substituted hexaaluminate (BaMnA111O19-α) catalysts. The effect of drying methods on phase composition, specific surface area, pore structure, reduction behavior of Mn^3 ions, and combus-tion activity of the samples was investigated. The homogenous mixing of the components in the sol-gel process could be maintained by SCD, and the hexaaluminate phase was almost the only phase of the resulting materials after calcination. H2-TPR revealed that the Mn^3 ions in the sample obtained by SCD were easier to be reduced than that by COD. Moreover, the samples obtained by SCD have higher surface area, narrower pore size distribution, and higher combustion activity than those obtained by COD.     

Kinetics of catalytic combustion in air over Pt/Al2O3/Al catalyst

Summary Catalytic combustion of toluene, propylene and CO over Pt/Al₂O₃ /Al catalyst was investigated. Strong inhibition effects are observed when the mixture of toluene, propylene and CO is oxidized. A reaction mechanism of catalytic combustion over Pt/Al₂O/Al is proposed. The results from kinetic models are in good agreement with the experimental data.     

Gd_3Al_5O_(12)∶Eu~(3+)柠檬酸盐硝酸盐燃烧法合成及其发光性能研究

采用柠檬酸盐硝酸盐燃烧法,在较低的温度(900℃)下成功地合成单一晶相Gd3Al5O12∶Eu3+发光粉体,紫外激发荧光光谱分析表明,粉体615 nm和593 nm荧光发射源于Eu3+的5D0-7F2和5D0-7F1跃迁.该方法中各工艺条件(如pH值、柠檬酸/金属离子比、煅烧温度)对Gd3Al5O12∶Eu3+发光性能均有影响,通过试验得出了获得最佳发光性能荧光粉体的工艺参数.     

轻工业纤维素生物质过程残渣能源化技术

以农产品为原料的轻工业大都是典型的流程工业,在通过转化过程将原料转化为食品、饮料、添加剂、调味料、纸和中成药等产品的同时产生被称为过程残渣的固体废物与废料,如白酒糟、酒精糟、醋糟、甘蔗渣、中药渣、油粕、酱渣、菌渣和造纸黑液可熔渣等.这些残渣产生于特定的生产过程,富含纤维素、蛋白质或木质素,因此代表一种已经被集中的生物质资源.它们同时含水50%-80%、易腐烂变质、甚至呈弱酸碱性,因此是重要的环境污染源.本文着眼于轻工生物质过程残渣的高值化利用,分析指出富含纤维素的白酒糟、醋糟、甘蔗渣、中药渣、茶渣和造纸边角料等适合作为生物质能源而被转化利用,并根据资源特征提出了可能的技术路线.通过分别对热化学路线涉及的脱水干燥、燃烧发电与气化发电技术和集成乙醇发酵、沼气发酵的复合转化技术进行技术综述,最后针对不同规模的富含纤维素轻工生物质过程残渣能源化提供了技术选择建议.     

Methane Combustion Over Fe, Co and Ni Modified Manganese Oxide Catalysts

Fe-Mn, Co-Mn and Ni-Mn composite oxide catalysts based on high specific surface area MnO₂ precursor were prepared and applied to catalytic combustion of CH₄. Results were compared with that of unmodified MnOx and 1wt.% Pd/-Al₂O₃. Below 450°C, manganese oxide catalysts show higher activity than Pd/-Al₂O₃, while the modified manganese oxide catalysts exhibit higher activity than the unmodified one below 420°C. All catalysts were characterized by means of N₂-BET, XRD, TG-DTA and H₂-TPR. Due to the interaction between Fe, Co or Ni oxides and manganese oxide, the activity of the oxygen species of the modified catalysts is improved, which leads to the increase of their CH₄ combustion activity.     

Mechanistic study of thermal behavior and combustion performance of epoxy resins: I homopolymerized TGDDM

Tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) undergoes homopolymerization on heating. Intramolecular reactions which compete with crosslinking favor the formation of cyclic structures with increasing thermal and fire resistance of the resin, whereas physical mechanical properties tend to decrease. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of TGDDM is studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal volatilization analysis with characterization of volatiles evolved and residue left. Thermal degradation of poly-(TGDDM) starts at 260°C with elimination of water from secondary alcoholic groups which is a typical pathway for epoxy resin degradation. Resulting unsaturations weaken bonds in the β-position and provoke the first chain breaking at allyl–amine and allyl–either bonds. With increasing temperature, saturated alkyl–ether bonds and alkyl carbon–carbon bonds are broken first, followed by the most stable alkyl–aryl bonds at T>365°C. The combustion performance of TGDDM is discussed on the basis of the thermal degradation behavior.     

Modified Ceria-Zirconia Fluorite-Like Catalysts for the Combustion of Methane

For dispersed ceria-zirconia-based solid solutions prepared via the polymerized complex method and annealed at 700℃, effects of bulk doping by Ca, Mn, Co, Bi or Nb cations and surface modification by Mn and Pt on their structural features, surface/bulk oxygen reactivity and catalytic activity in methane combustion are considered. With up to 20 mol% doping, a structural type of homogeneous solid solutions of anion-deficient fluorite with disordered anion vacancies is formed. Doping by transition metal cations or Pt increases the mobility and reactivity of the surface/bulk oxygen. A broad variation in specific rates of methane combustion for the studied systems was observed, suggesting structural sensitivity of this reaction. In general, there is no universal relationship between the oxygen mobility, the reactivity and the catalytic activity in methane combustion, which is explained by the factor of specific methane activation on surface active sites. For the Pt-promoted samples, Pt efficiency in methane activation depends on the Pt-support interaction, and the most favorable ones being mixed Pt/MnOx and Pt/NbOx clusters on the surface of the supports that exhibit high lattice oxygen mobilities.     

Thermodynamic study of the three isomers of bromo and iodobenzoic acids. Part II

Using our technique of combustion of small amount of a substance, we determined by calorimetry the standard molar enthalpy of formation in the condensed state and atT=298.15 K of the three isomers of bromo and iodobenzoic acids. Associating to these values their standard molar enthalpies of sublimation previously measured, it was possible to determine their standard molar enthalpies of formation in the gaseous state and atT=298.15 K. The experimental values of the thermodynamic properties _f H _m ^o (cr, 298.15 K), _f H _m ^o (cr, 298.15 K), _sub H _m ^o (298.15 K), and _f H _m ^o (g, 298.15 K) are given for the two series. From the experimental value of the standard molar enthalpy of atomization, it was possible to determine an enthalpy value for the C_b-Br and C_b-I bonds. The experimental and theoretical values of the resonance energy of bromo and iodobenzoic acids are compatible. The relative stability of some monosubstituted derivatives of benzoic acid studied in our laboratory is also discussed.Part I is concerned with Ref. 22 (for bromobenzoic acids) and with Ref. 23 (for iodobenzoic acids).     

石油焦与煤混合燃料热重分析研究

石油焦与煤混合燃烧是高效处理石油焦的有效方法，作者对选用的石油焦和煤不同配比的混合燃料进行了热重分析研究。使用常压高温热天平研究、分析了各配比混合燃料的热解特性和燃烧特性。并根据化学动力学方法计算了各过程的化学动力学参数，即活化能E和频率因子A0。结果表明，各混合燃料热解起始温度大致相同，随煤焦比减小，挥发分析出速率变缓，最大释放速度所对应的温度升高，最终失重率减小，挥发分释放特性指数减小；随煤焦比增大，混合燃料着火温度和燃尽温度逐渐降低，最大燃烧速率所对应的温度降低，燃烧特性指数增大；随煤焦比减小，活化能和频率因子增大。