Catalytic activity of Mn-substituted barium hexaaluminates for methane combustion

The catalysts of hexaaluminate (BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ , x = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0) to be used in methane combustion have been successfully synthesized by co-precipitation method and supercritical drying. The crystalline structure and surface area of catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption analysis of BET method. BET analysis revealed that the preparing and drying method proposed here provides stable materials with higher surface area of 51.4 m2/g in comparison to materials prepared using conventional ambient drying method for BaMnxAl12?xO19-δ calcined at 1200℃ under oxygen. XRD analysis indicated that formation of a pure single phase BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ occurred up to x = 3 in the case of Mn-substituted barium hexaaluminates. Incorporation of Mn in excess leads to BaAl2O4 phase formation. As far as the valence state of Manganese ions was concerned, the introduced Mn ions were either divalent or trivalent. The first Mn ions were introduced in the matrix essentially as Mn2 and only for BaMn3Al9O19-δ does manganese exist exclusively as Mn3 ; the higher the Mn concen- tration, the higher the proportion of Mn3 . Catalytic activity for methane combustion has been measured for Mn-substituted barium hexaaluminates, light-off temperature was observed in the 512-624℃ range. The highest activity was obtained for catalysts containing 3 Mn ions per unit cell, which reveals that the BaMnxAl12-xO19-δ catalyst was a promising methane combustion catalyst with high activity and good thermal stability. Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) under hydrogen has been used to correlate the catalytic activity with the amount of easily reducible species.     

铂沉积对Ga2O3-SiO2纳米粒子光催化性能的提高（英文）

Ga2O3‐SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by a sol‐gel method and Pt was then immobilized on their surface via photo‐assisted deposition (PAD). The produced samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence emission spectroscopy, and surface area measurements. The catalytic performances of the Ga2O3‐SiO2 and Pt/ Ga2O3‐SiO2 samples were evaluated for the degradation of cyanide using visible light. XRD and EDX results showed that the Pt was well dispersed within the Ga2O3‐SiO2 phase and was detected on the surface of the catalyst, which confirmed the successful loading of Pt ions by the PAD method. BET results revealed that the surface area of Ga2O3‐SiO2 was higher than that of Pt/Ga2O3‐SiO2 . 0.3 wt% Pt/Ga2O3‐SiO2 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity for degradation of cyanide under visible light. The catalyst could be reused with no loss in activity for the first 10 cycles.     

Photocatalytic decompositions of gaseous HCHO and methylene blue with highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays

The highly ordered Ti O₂nanotubes（NTs） were fabricated by the anodic oxidation method.Their morphology,structure and crystalline phase were characterized by scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and X-ray diffractometer（XRD）.The effects of morphology,specific surface area,pore structures and photocatalytic activity of the Ti O₂ NTs were investigated.UV–vis spectra analysis showed that its light absorption had been extended to the visible light range.The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous HCHO and MB aqueous solution.The samples had better adhesion strength in the dark and showed a higher photocatalytic activity than nanoparticles.Especially,with ultraviolet light pretreatment,the nanotubes exhibited more stable active for photocatalytic decomposition and the photodecomposition rate remained at high level after 3 cycles of the photocatalysis experiment.Thus,how the number of surface active group ·OH increased and the mechanism for the great improvement for the photocatalytic activity are discussed.     

Photocatalytic decompositions of gaseous HCHO and methylene blue with highly ordered TiO_2 nanotube arrays

The highly ordered Ti O_2nanotubes(NTs) were fabricated by the anodic oxidation method.Their morphology,structure and crystalline phase were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).The effects of morphology,specific surface area,pore structures and photocatalytic activity of the Ti O_2 NTs were investigated.UV–vis spectra analysis showed that its light absorption had been extended to the visible light range.The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared samples was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous HCHO and MB aqueous solution.The samples had better adhesion strength in the dark and showed a higher photocatalytic activity than nanoparticles.Especially,with ultraviolet light pretreatment,the nanotubes exhibited more stable active for photocatalytic decomposition and the photodecomposition rate remained at high level after 3 cycles of the photocatalysis experiment.Thus,how the number of surface active group ·OH increased and the mechanism for the great improvement for the photocatalytic activity are discussed.     

Effect of Copper Substitution and Preparation Methods on the LaMnO3 Structure and Catalysis of Methane Combustion and CO Oxidation

 LaMn1-xCuxO3刡冊 perovskite oxides (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) were prepared by two different methods, the Pechini and sol-gel methods. The catalysts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, N2 adsorption, and temperature-programmed reduction. Their catalytic activity in the oxidation of methane and CO was evaluated. EDS and SEM results showed that the Pechini samples had more homogeneity and smaller particles (higher specific surface area). The catalytic activity for methane combustion was highest for x = 0.2. In CO oxidation, the oxides with x = 0.2 and x = 0.4 were the most active. The Pechini samples had higher activity and stability than the sol-gel samples.     

Research on KOH/La-Ba-Al2O3 catalysts for biodiesel production via transesterification from microalgae oil

Alumina supports modified by lanthanum(La)and barium(Ba)were prepared by peptization.Catalysts with different KOH contents supported on modified alumina were prepared by impregnation method.Various techniques,including N2 adsorption-desorption(Brunauer-Emmet-Teller method,BET),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy(FT-IR). Catalytic activity for microalgae oil conversion to methyl ester via transesterification was evaluated and analyzed by GC-MS and GC.BET results showed that the support possessed high specific surface area,suitable pore volume and pore size distribution.Activity results indicated that the catalyst with 25 wt%KOH showed the best activity for microalgae oil conversion.XRD and SEM results revealed that Al-O-K compound was the active phase for microalgae oil conversion.The agglomeration and changing of pore structure should be the main reasons for the catalyst deactivation when KOH content was higher than 30 wt%.     

Facile Synthesis of Al-pillared Mesoporous Montmorillonite Assisted with Concentrated Al13 Solution

Al-pillared mesoporous montmorillonite was facilely synthesized from concentrated Al13 solution obtained by vacuum concentrating-ultrasonic pillaring strategy.Concentrated Al13 solution could reduce the process of pillare and increase pillaring efficiency.The absolute value of layer distance could be increased by 0.96 nm via concentrated Al13 solution pillare.27Al NMR indicates that Al Keggin ions of concentrated Al13 are arranged in a more regular way by vacuum concentrating method.The Al-pillared mesoporous montmorillonite from concentrated Al13 solution has bigger specific surface area and even pore size distribution which were characterized by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and nitrogen adsorption measurement.Furthermore the catalytic activity of Ai-pillared montmorillonite loaded Ni and Mo catalysts was tested by the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene.The thiophene conversion reached 77.5％,which was higher than the corresponding value reported in the literature.     

硅酸盐修饰Ni/海泡石催化剂的制备

Under the hydrothermal condition, the surface of sepiolite was restored with silicate and Ni was precipitated on the restored sepiolite by precipitating-reducing method. The surface of the samples was characterized by SEM, BET and XRD. The catalytic ability was examined by hydrogenation of toluene in gas phase over the silicate restored Ni/sepiolite catalyst. The experimental results show that distribution of Ni over the surface of the sample was even with bare aggregation and can be controlled, the ability of anti-aging of this catalyst was about ten times higher than that prepared by impregnation method at the same reactive condition.     

Study of a Ru-La/Zr02 Catalyst Prepared by Precipitation Method for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene

A Ru-La/ZrO2 catalyst was prepared by the precipitation method, in which Ru was an active component, La was a promoter and ZrO2 was a dispersant. Comparing with the catalyst prepared by the chemical reduction method, the Ru-La/ZrO2 exhibited higher activity and better selectivity. At 140 ℃ and hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa, the C6H10 selectivity reached 70% at a C6H6 conversion of 35% for a reaction time was 5 min and the total La/Ru loading was 10%. Textural parameters of the catalyst were obtained by physical adsorption, BET surface area and specific pore volume measurements. The catalyst sample gave a BET area of 41 m2/g and a specific pore volume of 1.1 cm^3/g, and the most probable pore distribution was located at 5 to 10 nm. H2-TPR measurements showed that ruthenium oxide could be reduced to its metallic state at about 403 K. XRD determinations indicated that ruthenium and lanthanum were highly dispersed on the zirconia. A significant advantage of the Ru-La/ZrO2 catalyst is that it can be used directly in its unreduced state for the selective hydrogenation of benzene.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Characterization of Nanoporous TiO2

Nanoporous TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by use of controlled drying method with surfactants. The surface area and porous properties are dependent on the chain length of incorporated surfactant cation. The TiO2 materials prepared in the presence of surfactant molecules during the gel formation exhibit much higher photocatalytic activity than that prepared in the absence of surfactants.     

Effect of drying methods on the structure and catalytic combustion activity of Mn-substituted hexaaluminate catalysts

Conventional oven drying (COD) and supercritical drying (SCD) methods were applied to the preparation of Mn-substituted hexaaluminate (BaMnAl₁₁O_19-α) catalysts. The effect of drying methods on phase composition, specific surface area, pore structure and combustion activity of the samples was investigated. The samples obtained by SCD have higher surface area, narrower pore size distribution, and higher combustion activity than those obtained by COD. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Ba、Mn对Al2O3热稳定性和甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备BaO•6Al2O3系列催化剂.考察了Ba、Mn的引入对Al2O3的热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响.结果表明, Ba在高温下与Al2O3首先生成BaAl2O4，然后进一步与Al2O3反应生成具有β-Al2O3结构的BaAl12O19六铝酸盐，抑制了Al2O3进一步的烧结，提高了催化剂的热稳定性. Mn的引入也能够促进六铝酸盐的生成并提高催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性.采用超临界干燥法可抑制干燥过程中因毛细收缩引起的比表面积降低.所制备的BaMnAl11O19催化剂经1200 ℃焙烧4 h后，比表面积为35.1 m2•g－1，在空速40000 h－1条件下，10％甲烷转化温度(T10％)为500 ℃，催化活性明显高于常规干燥法制备的相应催化剂.     

尿素加入量对水热合成法制备Mn取代六铝酸盐催化剂的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了Mn取代的镧六铝酸盐催化剂.研究了尿素加入量对所制备催化剂的化学组成、相结构、孔结构及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)(其中M⁺为带单位正电荷的金属离子)为1.0时,Mn²⁺离子沉淀不完全,所得催化剂甲烷催化燃烧活性较低.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)增加到2.0时,Mn²⁺离子沉淀完全,催化剂中六铝酸盐相增加,平均孔直径增大,甲烷催化燃烧活性提高.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)再增加至4.0时,比表面积降低,六铝酸盐相减少,平均孔直径降低,甲烷催化燃烧活性下降.n(尿素)/n(M⁺)为2.0时,所制备的催化剂在780℃及反应生成水蒸汽下运行100h,催化剂比表面积及甲烷燃烧活性都保持稳定.     

超临界干燥方法对甲烷燃烧催化剂LaMnAl11O19结构及活性的影响

 摘要：用水热合成法制备了锰取代的六铝酸盐催化剂，并比较了超临界干燥法和普通烘箱干燥法对催化剂结构及甲烷燃烧反应活性的影响．DTA－MS结果表明，超临界干燥过程中，催化剂前驱物中的表面铝羟基部分被乙氧基取代．这种表面修饰作用可保持铝分散的均匀性，使催化剂前驱物中碳酸锰和碳酸镧的分解温度明显降低，且氢氧化铝的脱水温度维持在较适宜的范围内；焙烧后，易形成六铝酸盐相．甲烷燃烧反应结果表明，用超临界干燥方法制得的催化剂对甲烷燃烧反应的催化活性明显高于用普通烘箱干燥方法制得的催化剂．     

锰掺杂六铝酸镧催化剂上甲苯催化燃烧净化研究

采用共沉淀法制备了系列锰掺杂六铝酸镧LaMn_xAl_12-xO₁₉催化剂。XRD表征发现,只有在锰掺杂量为2.0～2.5时,经1200 ℃焙烧处理得到的催化剂中才有完整的六铝酸盐晶相。由UV-vis漫反射、H₂-TPR和BET比表面积分析表明,掺杂的锰离子主要以Mn³⁺形式取代六铝酸盐八面体位置的Al;同时随锰掺杂量增多,催化剂中Mn³⁺/Mn²⁺比例变大,而比表面积却相应减小。O₂-TPD表征也进一步发现,随锰掺杂量增多,催化剂上化学吸附晶格氧量增加,而物理吸附氧分子量减少。在甲苯催化燃烧净化反应中,锰掺杂六铝酸镧催化剂表现出良好的低温催化活性,且锰掺杂量为2.0～2.5时活性最优。推测该反应是遵循Mars-van Krevelen机理,由Mn³⁺和Mn²⁺的协同作用共同促进晶格氧的流动性。     

CaxLa1-xMnAl11O19 六铝酸盐催化剂上甲烷的催化燃烧

以共沉淀法制备了CaxLa1-xMnAl11O19系列六铝酸盐催化剂,考察了Ca2 部分取代La3 对LaMnAl11O19六铝酸盐的甲烷催化燃烧活性和稳定性的影响以及活性与物理化学性能的关系,用X射线衍射、N2吸附、程序升温还原和透射电镜对其进行了表征.结果表明,当Ca2 加入量过高时,Ca2 不能进入到六铝酸盐骨架中,过量的Ca2 形成CaAl4O7杂相.当x=0.2时,催化剂活性最高,起燃温度为723 K,也提高了样品的热稳定性,1 373 K煅烧后比表面积为26.1 m2/g.Ca2 的加入使六铝酸盐晶粒变薄,这使材料的抗烧结性能增强,比表面积增大,同时Ca2 部分取代La3 使活性Mn3 的含量增加,这两方面的综合作用使得催化剂活性显著提高.对Sr2 ,Ca2 和K 部分取代La3 的六铝酸盐的比较实验结果表明,Ca2 部分取代La3 的样品具有最低的起燃温度.     

La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂结构及甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

采用以尿素水解为基础的水热合成法制备了La和Mn取代的六铝酸盐催化剂(Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α).在Mn含量达到阈值时,研究了不同量的La取代Ba对Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α的相组成、结构、热稳定性及甲烷催化燃烧活性的影响.当x≥0.4时,水热合成过程中生成的La2(CO3)3在530-580℃分解,800-900℃时与-γAl2O3反应生成LaAlO3钙钛矿相,可抑制由BaCO3分解而生成的Ba2+的固相扩散,从而阻止了BaAl2O4尖晶石相的生成,使Ba2+在固相中保持较高的分散性,促进了六铝酸盐(-βAl2O3)相的形成.当x<0.4时,BaAl2O4尖晶石相的存在引起催化剂比表面积和催化燃烧活性的降低.La3+取代Ba2+后,六铝酸盐结构发生一定程度的扭变.这种扭变越大,所形成的六铝酸盐催化剂的热稳定性越差.Ba1-xLaxMn3Al9O19-α催化剂的甲烷催化燃烧活性随x的增大而增加,x=0.8时催化剂的活性最佳.     

La0.8Sr0.2FeMn1.5Al9.5O19-δ六铝酸盐气溶胶催化剂的催化性能

采用共沉淀-超临界干燥法制备了混合取代型La0.8Sr0.2FeMn1.5Al9.5O19-δ(LSFMAO)六铝酸盐气溶胶甲烷燃烧催化剂, 并采用XRD、BET、SEM、TPR等技术研究了超临界干燥和高温焙烧对材料结构和催化性能的影响. 超临界干燥处理的前驱物经1200 ℃焙烧后, 得到磁铅石型六铝酸盐气溶胶, 其具有较高的比表面积(16 m2·g-1)和甲烷燃烧活性; 然而高温(1300-1400 ℃)老化导致该六铝酸盐严重烧结, 比表面积和催化活性急剧下降. 研究结果表明, 对一定温度范围内(≤1200 ℃)焙烧的六铝酸盐催化剂, 超临界干燥法有助于改善其热稳定性和催化活性, 但高温(>1200 ℃)老化后, 催化剂的抗热烧结和催化性能主要由材料的组成和固有结构性质决定.     

制备方法对锰Mn掺杂钾六铝酸盐催化剂催化甲烷燃烧性能的影响

以甲烷催化燃烧为目标反应,通过共沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法和反相微乳液法制备了Mn掺杂六铝酸盐催化剂,用XRD和TG-DTA技术对催化剂进行了物理性能表征,通过BET模型计算了其比表面积。结果说明3种方法所制备催化剂经1 200℃焙烧4h后均可以形成完整的六铝酸盐晶型,同时都具有高的催化性能和高温稳定性,其中反相微乳液法制备的K2MnAl11O19催化剂具有较高的比表面积和甲烷催化燃烧活性,起燃温度T10%为458℃,至676℃甲烷完全转化。