钛表面含硅羟基磷灰石涂层的电化学合成和表征

在含有Ca2+,PO43-以及SiO32-的电解液中,通过电化学恒电位方法,在工作电压为3 V温度为85℃的条件下沉积1 h,于钛表面上制得含硅羟基磷灰石涂层。通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、探针式轮廓仪(SP)、红外光谱(FTIR)对涂层进行分析。结果表明:电化学恒电位方法可制得Si饱和含量为0.55wt%左右的Si-HA涂层,Si以SiO44-形式取代PO43-进入HA晶格,造成羟基磷灰石中OH-减小以维持电荷平衡。另外,电解液中Si元素的存在抑制涂层中HA晶体的生长,使涂层变薄,且当电解液中nSi/(nSi+nP)达到20%时Si-HA晶体形貌由单独的棒状转变为根部相连的树枝状。     

Activation/Inhibition Effects during the Coelectrodeposition of PtAg Nanoparticles: Application for ORR in Alkaline Media

PtAg bimetallic nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media were prepared by pulse electrodeposition (PED). During PED the reduction of Ag⁺ ions predominates, thus an increased Ag content in the co‐deposit is accomplished. The mechanism for this anomalous co‐deposition was elucidated by potential pulse experiments, which revealed that nuclei formation mainly occurs via the reduction of Pt²⁺ ions. The growth of the particles is diffusion controlled leading to the formation of a Ag shell covering a PtAg alloyed region. However, the shell is not growing homogeneously on the PtAg alloy. Hence, regions of the PtAg alloy are exposed, which exhibit an enhanced ORR activity compared to a pure Ag surface.     

电沉积纳米晶Ni-Co-Fe-P合金镀层的组织结构与摩擦磨损性能

用脉冲电沉积方法制备了纳米晶N i-Co-Fe-P合金镀层.采用X射线衍射（XRD）,透射电镜（TEM）,扫描电镜（SEM）,能谱分析（EDS）等方法研究了合金镀层的微观组织结构和成份.采用显微硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机测试合金镀层的显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能.结果表明：纳米晶N i-40.41%Co-6.16%Fe-1.63%P合金镀层的晶粒尺寸为8.3 nm,显微硬度和耐磨性明显高于不含P的N i-Co-Fe镀层;适当温度退火可以提高镀层的硬度及耐磨性;镀层的耐磨性与其硬度成正相关,且随着硬度的提高,镀层的磨损机理由磨粒磨损和黏着磨损共同作用转变为磨粒磨损主导.     

电沉积处理与染料敏化纳米薄膜太阳电池的优化

采用阳极氧化水解法对染料敏化纳米TiO₂薄膜太阳电池的光阳极进行不同方式的电沉积优化处理.借助x射线衍射仪对处理后的样品进行分析，通过超高分辨率场发射扫描电子显微镜对导电玻璃以及电沉积处理前后纳米多孔薄膜表面进行了粒径和形貌的扫描.染料敏化太阳电池实验测试结果表明，电沉积处理和修饰后可以明显提高光生电子的收集率，增大短路电流密度，提高电池效率. 关键词： 2')" href="#">纳米TiO₂ 染料敏化 电沉积 太阳电池     

纳米锌镀层在硫酸中的腐蚀和缓蚀机理

用失晕法测试了纳米锌镀层和0^#锌片在0．2mol／L硫酸介质中的腐蚀性能．结果表明纳米锌镀层的耐腐蚀性要远优于锌片，且在一定的实验条件下，纳米锌镀层的腐蚀速率为一常数．另外，本文还研究了溴化十六烷基吡啶和吡啶及其甲基衍生物在硫酸介质中对纳米锌镀层和0^#锌片的缓蚀性能．其中溴化十六烷基吡啶和3-甲基吡啶的缓蚀性能较好．并用密度泛函B3LYP方法和Onsager溶剂化模型，在6-31G水平上优化了溴化十六烷基毗啶、3-甲基吡啶和4-甲基毗啶分子的几何构型，用其电子结构数据探讨了它们的缓蚀机理。     

铁氰化镧修饰电极的制备及表征

An electroactive polynuclear inorganic compound of rare earth metal hexacyanoferrate, lanthanum hexacyanoferrate (LaHCF), was prepared by electrochemical deposition on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode with a potential cycling procedure. The cyclic voltammogram of LaHCF exhibits a pair of well-defined redox peaks with the formal potential of 208 mV (vs. SCE) at a scan rate of 100 mV/s in 0.2 mol/L NaCl solution and the redox peak currents increase linearly with the square root of the scan rate up to 1000 mV/s. The effects of the concentration of supporting electrolyte on the electrochemical characteristics of LaHCF were studied by voltammetry. LaHCF was also characterizated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR and XPS techniques.     

Electrochemical hydrogenation of citral

The conditions for preparative electrocatalytic hydrogenation of citral to citronellol were found. Changes in the electrocatalytic properties of the nickel cathode depend on the method of pretreatment of the electrode (mechanical surface cleaning, thermal treatment, cathode-anode activation, and electrodeposition). The use of the nickel cathode with the surface covered with dispersed nickel in electrocatalytic hydrogenation was recommended. For Part 4, see Ref. 1. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1531–1534, August, 1998.     

p型Se的电沉积及其转化为n型CdSe的机理研究

利用线性电位扫描光伏安法等技术研究钛基体上Se半导体薄膜的电化学形成及转化过程.实验结果表明,在H_2SeO_3溶液中进行电沉积可获得p型Se薄膜,它可在酸性CdSO_4溶液中阴极转化为n型CdSe.讨论了Se的电沉积动力学及其转化为CdSe的可能机理.所述原理可望用于p-n异质结的电化学制备.