Thermocontrolling ion permeation through binary component membrane composed of crown ether liquid crystal/PVC

In view of the nature of orderness in structure and the mesomorphism in property of liquid crystal, the function of which is further exploited by integrating it with the feature of crown ether. The monoarmed crown ether liquid crystals are successfully applied to the imitation of biomembrane transport. Binary component membrane composed of crown ether liquid crystal and PVC was first developed. Such a novel model of biomimetic membrane is capable of imitating ingeniously the thermocontrolling transport of biomembrane, thus the essential function of liquid crystal in membane transport is more fully exploited. It was suggested, consequently, that the molecules of the crown ether liquid crystal could assemble themselves to form ionic channels, as they exist in mesophase.Of still more significance is that the thermocontrolling transport of ions through the membrane is found to be operative selectively and the permeation of ion is under the direct influence of the thermal turmoil of the crown ether liquid cr     

Ti-47Al-1.2Ce合金显微组织及稀土相

ＴｉＡ1金属间化合物以其低密度 ,高比强度和比弹性模量 ,良好的抗蠕变及抗氧化能力等特点 ,已成为航天、航空、能源及汽车工业极具竞争力的高温结构材料。虽然ＴｉＡｌ基合金有众多优点 ,但仍存在室温塑性较低、成形性差、性能不平衡等问题 ,还需要深入研究ＴｉＡｌ基合金的合金化及制备工艺等方面技术 ,以此来控制并改善合金的显微组织 ,提高ＴｉＡｌ基合金的综合性能[1～ 4 ] 。合金化是改善ＴｉＡｌ基合金显微组织和性能的重要途径之一 ,通常添加的合金元素有Ｖ ,Ｃｒ ,Ｎｂ ,Ｗ ,Ｍｏ ,Ｓｉ ,Ｂ等[5～ 7] 。稀土元素一般被用来细化材料…     

钇对Ti-1100高温钛合金热稳定性和蠕变行为的影响

量了Ｔｉ１１００和Ｔｉ１１００／０１％Ｙ（质量分数）高温钛合金在６００℃／１００ｈ空气中暴露后的拉伸性能及在６００℃／１５０ＭＰａ／１００ｈ条件下的蠕变性能，利用透射电镜观察了合金室温及蠕变后的组织。结果表明，Ｔｉ１１００合金加入０１％的Ｙ后，由于原始β晶粒得到细化，明显改善了其热稳定性；固溶在基体中的硅原子阻碍位错滑移和攀移，使蠕变中的回复过程难于实现；稀土还抑制α２相的长大，所形成的氧化物也阻碍位错的运动。这些均有利于提高Ｔｉ１１００合金的抗蠕变性能。     

Determination of Diffusion Coefficients for Binary Nonelectrolyte Mixtures. A Free-Volume Predictive Approach

A diaphragm cell has been used to measure mutual diffusion coefficients at 25°C for four binary nonelectrolyte mixtures: ethylbenzene + n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride + ethylbenzene, cyclohexane + p-xylene, and 1,2-dichloroethane + cyclohexane. A free-volume predictive approach for binary mutual diffusion coefficients was developed and tested. Only infinite dilution diffusion coefficients, some readily available pure substance data, and UNIFAC group contribution parameters are used in the model. No binary equilibrium thermodynamic information is required. For 73 binary systems with an overall average absolute deviation of 5.2%, it has been shown that the developed method is better than two commonly available reference methods for the prediction of liquid diffusion coefficients.     

强冲击加载条件下的钨合金的界面研究

借助定量金相、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等微观分析手段对钨质量分数为９３％的钨合金在１５～５０ＧＰａ冲击压力下微观结构响应性态进行了考察，发现了一些钨合金所特有的现象，即钨颗粒与粘结相交界处出现成分迁移，新相析出；并结合断口分析，探讨了钨合金在冲击作用下发生断裂的微观特征与韧脆转化间的关系及其物理本质。     

电化学法测定几种稀土贮氢合金的热力学函数

贮氢材料由于能可逆地吸放氢,得到了广泛地应用.特别是以贮氢材料为负极制成的氢镍二次电池,容量为同类型镉镍电池的1.5～2倍,且电压又相近,是镉镍电池的理想换代产品,受到人们普遍的关注。LaNi_(4.5)Mn_(0.5),LaNi_(4.9)Sn_(0.1)和La_(0.8)Nd_(0.2)Ni_(2.5)Co_(2.4)Al_(0.1)是电化学性能较优越的贮氢合金。LaNi_(4.5)Mn_(0.5)的电化学容量高,理论容量可达400mAh.g~(-1).LaNi_(4.9)Sn_(0.1)和La_(0.8) Nd_(0.2)     

Thermal decomposition kinetics of titanium hydride and Al alloy melt foaming process

Metal foams, now one of research foci, are a newclass of materials with low densities and novel physi-cal, mechanical, thermal, electrical and acoustic prop-erties[1—8]. Demands from high-tech make Al alloyfoam, which has much higher specific strength than ofpure Al foam, the new development focus[9—11]. Melt foaming process is one of the approaches tofabricate Al foam and Al alloy foam and their porestructure (pore diameter and porosity) has close rela-tionship with the thermal decompo…     

触头用银合金粉末的氧化性能和氧化后的组织结构

通过热重实验和扫描电子显微等方法，研究了４种触头用银合金粉末的氧化性能及氧化后的组织结构。发现Ａｇ－Ｓｎ－ＲＥ合金粉末氧化以后，在粉末表层形成一层纯银层，其组织结构理想；它的氧化性能最好，适于制备触头材料。Ａｇ－Ｓｎ－ＲＥ合金粉末的优良氧化性能与其氧化后理想的组织结构有关。稀土元素可以降低合金粉末的氧化温度，其它影响作用有待于进一步研究。     

Residence times in kink sites and Markov chain model of alloy and intermetallic compound deposition

The concept of the residence time τ_ksp of an atom in a kink site has recently been suggested to understand the processes in electrochemical deposition of alloys and intermetallic compounds. Different kink sites with different residence times must be defined for alloys and intermetallic compounds. Based on this model, the finite Markov chain theory is applied to describe the selectivity of the growth process. An analytical relationship between the alloy composition and the metal ion concentrations in the electrolyte is derived. General model parameters are ratios g _i = K _ii/K _ij of equilibrium constants of the reaction of electrolyte ions with different kink sites on the surface (i, j representing different alloy components). These ratios are called selectivity constants. For simple conditions, the equation g _i ≈ τ_ii/τ_ij connects the g _i values with the residence times. The theory is tested in the deposition of alloys Co-Ni (anomalous co-deposition) and Ni-Mo (induced co-deposition). Additionally, Bi₂Te₃, an example of stoichiometric semiconductor deposition, is treated. Published in Russian in Elektrokhimiya, 2006, Vol. 42, No. 10, pp. 1216–1223. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Phase Relations in the Ni–Mn–Ga Ternary System and Aging Effect on Shape Memory Properties of Ferromagnetic Ni<Subscript>2</Subscript>MnGa Sputtered Films

Summary. Isothermal sections of the Ni–Mn–Ga ternary phase diagram at 1073 and 1273 K were investigated over a wide range of alloy compositions. The range of the β-Ni₂MnGa phase, its equilibria with the γ-(Mn, Ni), α′-Ni₃Ga, and γ-Ni₃Ga₂ phases, and the liquidus and solidus lines were determined experimentally. The aging effect on the shape memory effect (SME) of Ni₂MnGa sputtered films was also investigated. The two-way SME of the constraint-aged films was confirmed by the temperature change.