Fabrication of honeycomb-patterned cellulose films

This paper reports for the first time on the fabrication of honeycomb-patterned cellulose films by casting water in oil emulsion of cellulose acetate onto a glass substrate and subsequent deacetylation treatment. The honeycomb pore size could be controlled from 1 to 100 microm under a saturated water vapor condition. Both cellulose and cellulose acetate films with honeycomb-pattern are expected to be a two-dimensional model of plant cell walls as well as of micro-wells for single cell cultivation. Surface topographic image of a honeycomb-patterned cellulose film (scalebar: 50 microm).     

毛细管气相色谱法同时测定白酒中的甲醇和杂醇油

采用PEG20000石英毛细管柱直接进样、氢火焰离子化检测器检测,建立了毛细管气相色谱同时测定白酒中的甲醇和杂醇油的分析方法。甲醇和杂醇油的检出限均为2.0×10-4g/(100mL),回收率分别为96.4%~99.1%、91.2%~98.3%,相对标准偏差不大于4.3%。该方法适用于白酒中甲醇和杂醇油的同时分析测定。     

常压二线馏分油微波脱酸新方法研究

近年来,由于辽河原油的变稠,常压二线馏分油的酸度显著变大。引起酸度变大的物质中环烷酸占90%以上[1]。由于其存在会造成许多危害[2],腐蚀生产和储运设备;生产过程中易产生乳化现象,损坏发动机;降低油品的使用性能和柴油的安定性。并且环烷酸又是一种宝贵的化工原料,所以有必要研究新型、无污染、高效的柴油脱酸精制方法。目前国内外柴油脱酸精制方法有化学精制法、物理萃取法、氨化学法、吸附分离法、络合萃取法、膜分离法[2～4]等。碱洗 电精制法的废液污染环境,并且在精制过程中损耗油品。加氢精制法工艺复杂、受氢源限制、费用较高…     

凝胶色谱法预测重油的平均相对分子质量及馏程

综述了凝胶渗透色谱法在重质油测定中的应用,并采用两支高效聚合物凝胶色谱柱代替传统的硅胶柱建立了分子量和馏程的评价系统。C15~C36正构烷烃标准样品的分子量校正曲线和沸点校正曲线的线性相关系数均大于0.9990。该法克服了传统实沸点蒸馏方法的限制,适合于高沸点油品的馏程测定。     

Light crude oil combustion in the presence of limestone matrix

In this study the combustion characteristics of crude oils (Karakuę and Beykan) in the presence of a limestone matrix were determined using the thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). Experiments were performed at a heating rate of 10°C min^-1, whereas the air flow rate was kept constant at 10 L h^-1 in the temperature range of 20-900°C. In combustion with air, three distinct reaction regions were identified in all crude oil/limestone mixtures studied known as low temperature oxidation (LTO), fuel deposition (FD) and high temperature oxidation (HTO). The individual activation energies for each reaction region may be attributed to different reaction mechanisms, but they do not give any indication of the contribution of each region to the overall reactivity of the crude oils. Depending on the characteristics, the mean activation energy of samples varied between 50.3 and 55.8 kJ mol^-1. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ASTM Kinetics of Oil Shales

Thermal analysis is increasingly being used to obtain kinetic data relating to sample decomposition. In this research differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was used to determine the combustion kinetics of three (Çan, Himmetoglu and Mengen) oil shale samples by ASTM and Roger &; Morris methods. On DSC curves two reaction regions were observed on oil shale sample studied except Çan oil shale. In DSC experiments higher heating rates resulted in higher reaction temperatures and higher heat of reactions. Distinguishing peaks shifted to higher temperatures with an increase in heating rate. Three different kinetic models (ASTM I-II and Rogers &; Morris) were used to determine the kinetic parameters of the oil shale samples studied. Activation energies were in the range of 131.8-185.3 kJ mol-1 for ASTM methods and 18.5-48.8 kJ mol-1 for Rogers &; Morris method.     

The study of the emulsification efficiency of Aerosil and HPMCAS type and their ratio to stabilize emulsions of zedoary turmeric oil

The solid particles or polymers were often solely used to stabilizing emulsions, as an interesting alternative to classical used emulsifiers. However, a united use of them and the relation between them at stabilizing emulsions were little reported. Our previous study showed that the preparation of microspheres containing zedoary turmeric oil (ZTO, as an oily drug), Aerosil200 particles and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS). ZTO emulsions were produced when the microspheres were immersed into aqueous media and disaggregated under gentle agitation, and were stabilized by Aerosil200 particles and HPMCAS. Nevertheless, more work needs to be carried out to explain the factor affecting emulsification efficiency of microspheres, which will facilitate the design of the microsphere formulation. Thus, in this study, we dealt with a system consisting of Aerosil, HPMCAS, ZTO and water. To predict the best ratio of Aerosil/polymer and thus obtain the best satisfying ZTO emulsions, the bonding studies were carried out with Aerosil and HPMCAS. A series of emulsions was prepared and the stability and droplet size of resultant emulsions were investigated. The results indicated two kinds of HPMCAS (HPMCAS-LG and -HG) showed the different affinity for Aerosil200, which resulted in the unlike capability to stabilize emulsions when at the same Aerosil/polymer ratio. The stability and droplet size of emulsions increased on increasing the ratio Aerosil to polymer, and the best ratio was predictable from the Langumuir-fit of the adsorption isotherms. Appropriate hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity with Aerosil particles were very important to stabilizing the ZTO emulsions.     

等吸收点—多波长线性回归—导数分光光度法同时测定重油中的铜,镍,锌

本文提出了一种同时测定多组分的新方法，即等吸收点－多波长线性回归－导数分光光度法。利用金属离子－５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ－ＣＰＢ三元络合显色体素，同时测定了重油中的铜、镍、锌，相对标准偏差小于２．６％，分析结果与ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ及ＧＦ－ＡＡＳ法吻合。与常规分光光度法比较，灵敏度提高１０倍左右。     

萘油制备新型水煤浆添加剂的研究

研究了如何利用萘油中的有效成分合成出性能良好的水煤浆添加剂。通过合理的正交试验设计和多元线性回归分析方法得到了合成萘油添加剂的较佳工艺条件,即在75 g的萘油中,加入浓H2SO4 30 mL,在160 ℃时磺化2 h;加入HCHO 25 mL,在105 ℃时缩合1.5 h。利用实验合成的萘油添加剂与纯萘磺酸甲醛缩合物作添加剂分别对庞庄煤进行制浆实验。结果表明,萘油添加剂性能良好,可显著降低萘油添加剂的成本。应用傅立叶变换红外光谱对萘油添加剂的结构进行了分析,测出萘油添加剂主要为含有－CH2－,－SO3－等基团的芳香族化合物。对萘油添加剂改善水煤浆性能的作用机理进行了初步探讨。     

FTIR analysis and monitoring of synthetic aviation engine oils

Synthetic turbine oils from military aircraft engines were analysed for antioxidant content and total acid number using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Two-dimensional IR correlation analysis was employed to investigate and interpret observed trends in the spectra, as acid was formed and antioxidant species were depleted in the oils, as a function of aging and engine wear. Principal components and partial least squares algorithms were used and compared for the development of calibration and prediction models. Transmission IR spectrometry is demonstrated to be effective for the analysis and monitoring of synthetic aviation turbine engine oils and shown to provide rapid and accurate information as compared with traditional analytical techniques and methods.