含铈不锈钢的抗菌性能

以00Cr18Ni9不锈钢成分为基础,添加0～5%的稀土元素铈（Ce）.利用电子探针分析了加铈（Ce）不锈钢中Ce的分布;用化学分析法测定了含铈不锈钢中铈（Ce）和碳（C）的含量;用X射线衍射方法测试了含铈（Ce）不锈钢中铈（Ce）的析出相成分;采用贴膜法测试了含Ce不锈钢对大肠杆菌ATCC 8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538的抗菌性能.结果表明： 含Ce不锈钢具有优异的抗菌性能,与含Cu抗菌不锈钢相比,含Ce不锈钢无需时效热处理就具有优异的抗菌性能.并讨论了含Ce不锈钢的抗菌机制.     

AB5型储氢合金的高倍率放电性能及机制

本文研究了储氢合金表面处理，粒度分布，稀土组成和添加剂硼对储氢合金高倍率放电性能的影响及机制的探讨。采用物理方法和化学方法对储氢合金进行表面处理，提高了合金表面电化学反应速度，同时促进了氢原子在合金本体中的扩散，从而改善了合金的活化性能、放电容量和高倍率放电能力。储氢合金粉粒度太粗和太细都使合金电极阻抗增大，导致放电容量和高保率放电能力下降，而且大电流放电平台也较低，选择合适的储氢合金粉粒度分布既可提高合金的活性和放电容量又能改善合金高倍率放电能力。随着合金中La含量的增加和Ce含量的减少，提高了合金的表面活性，使合金的大电流放电性能得到改善。储氢合金中加入元素B，使合金易粉化并形成少量的第二相，不但改善了合金的活性和放电容量而且显著地提高了合金高倍率放电能力。     

Contrasting Magnetism in Isovalent Layered LaSr_3NiRuO_4H_4 and LaSrNiRuO_4 due to Distinct Spin-Orbital States

The recently synthesized first 4d transition-metal oxide-hydride LaSr_3NiRuO_4H_4 with the unusual high H:O ratio surprisingly displays no magnetic order down to 1.8 K. This is in sharp contrast to the similar unusual low-valent Ni~+-Ru~(2+) layered oxide LaSrNiRuO_4 which has a rather high ferromagnetic(FM) ordering Curie temperature T_C～250 K. Using density functional calculations with the aid of crystal field level diagrams and superexchange pictures, we find that the contrasting magnetism is due to the distinct spin-orbital states of the Ru~(2+)ions(in addition to the common Ni~+S = 1/2 state but with a different orbital state): the Ru~(2+)S = 0 state in LaSr_3NiRuO_4H_4, but the Ru~(2+)S= 1 state in LaSrNiRuO_4. The Ru~(2+)S = 0 state has the(xy)~2(xz, yz)~4 occupation due to the RuH_4O_2 octahedral coordination, and then the nonmagnetic Ru~(2+)ions dilute the S= 1/2 Ni~+ sublattice which consequently has a very weak antiferromagnetic superexchange and thus accounts for the presence of no magnetic order down to 1.8 K in LaSr_3NiRuO_4H_4. In strong contrast, the Ru~(2+)S = 1 state in LaSrNiRuO_4 has the(3z~2-r~2)~2(xz, yz)~3(xy)~1 occupation due to the planar square RuO_4 coordination, and then the multi-orbital FM superexchange between the S= 1/2 Ni~+ and S= 1 Ru~(2+)ions gives rise to the high T_C in LaSrNiRuO_4. This work highlights the importance of spin-orbital states in determining the distinct magnetism.     

一种快速凝固AB2型储氢合金的球磨改性

通过熔纺（melt-spinning）法制备了Zr0.9Ti0.1（Ni0.57V0.1Mn0.28C0.05）2.1合金，并与C03Mo混合球磨以改善其动力学性能结果发现，经过球磨，储红合金与作为催化剂的Co3Mo接触更加紧密，电化学容量和活化性能得到明显改善交流阻抗测试表明，球磨大大改善了合金的表面活性．但长时间的球磨可使合金进一步非晶化，导致容量及活性的下降．实验结果还表明，将快速凝固合金与具有电催化作用的Co3Mo球磨得到的电极材料，其活性要高于合金与只作为导体的铜粉进行球磨或在无添加剂条件下进行球磨得到的电极材料．     

常压二线馏分油微波脱酸新方法研究

近年来,由于辽河原油的变稠,常压二线馏分油的酸度显著变大。引起酸度变大的物质中环烷酸占90%以上[1]。由于其存在会造成许多危害[2],腐蚀生产和储运设备;生产过程中易产生乳化现象,损坏发动机;降低油品的使用性能和柴油的安定性。并且环烷酸又是一种宝贵的化工原料,所以有必要研究新型、无污染、高效的柴油脱酸精制方法。目前国内外柴油脱酸精制方法有化学精制法、物理萃取法、氨化学法、吸附分离法、络合萃取法、膜分离法[2～4]等。碱洗 电精制法的废液污染环境,并且在精制过程中损耗油品。加氢精制法工艺复杂、受氢源限制、费用较高…     

一种快速凝固AB2型储氢合金的球磨改性

Zr0. 9Ti0. 1 (Ni0.57V0.1Mn0. 28Co0. 05 )2.1 alloy was prepared by melt-spinning and ball-milled with Co3Mo additive to improve its kinetic characteristics. It was shown that after 2 h milling the alloy exhibited a much improved activation performance as well as electrochemical capacity. Electrochemical impedance experiments also showed that ball-milling of the alloy with Co3Mo could improve the surface activity to a great extent. This can be attributed to the catalytic effect of Co3Mo, which had a much closer contact with the alloy powder after ball-milling, on hydrogen oxidation. However, long time milling could decrease the capacity gradually due to the further amorphization of the alloy. The experimental results also showed that the alloy ball-milled with electrochemically catalytic material such as Co3Mo exhibited a better activity than those milled without any additives or with a metal powder such as Cu acting only as a conductor.     

纳米TiO2对氧化铝质多孔陶瓷膜支撑体烧结过程的影响

采用原位水解法,以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,研究了纳米TiO2对多孔陶瓷膜支撑体烧结过程的影响.结果表明,以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用原位水解法可以将纳米TiO2与大粒径的氧化铝颗粒均匀混合,起到良好的助烧结作用;预烧温度在一定程度上起到调节纳米TiO2添加量的作用并影响支撑体的各项性能.当预烧温度为1300℃,纳米TiO2添加量为0.4wt;时,支撑体经1650℃煅烧2h后,支撑体内部的细颗粒迁移至粗颗粒颈部而基本消失,一定程度上提高支撑体的抗折强度.随着保温时间延长,支撑体的抗折强度不断提高,孔径逐渐增大.但是,较多量的纳米TiO2存在于支撑体内部,起不到良好的助烧结作用.     

粉体粒径对氧化铝陶瓷膜孔径的影响及控制

将三种不同粒径的α-Al2O3(平均粒径为1μm、3μm、5μm)混合后配置稳定悬浮液,利用颗粒级配理论,建立粉体比例、粉体粒径及其分布和膜层厚度对无机膜孔径及其分布的影响,实现利用粉体粒径分布控制膜层孔径分布,获得多选择的无机膜.研究结果表明,无机微滤膜的孔径取决于粉体的粒径分布,其孔径变化的上下限分别为由最粗和最细粉体所组成陶瓷膜的膜孔径.粉体的混合会在一定程度上扩大无机微滤膜的孔径分布,但有助于减少最大膜孔.膜层的厚度的增加在一定程度上降低无机微滤膜的最大孔和平均孔径.该实验结果有助于实现利用粉体粒径控制无机微滤膜的控制,促使无机微滤膜的孔径的多样化.